CR_Ch.3--Ethical Research

Question 1

anonymous

Answer 1

In research, data are anonymous when, once collected, a researcher is completely unable to identify the participant who provided the data.

Question 2

Belmont Report

Answer 2

An American report from 1978 that outlined the “ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research”.

Question 3

Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC)

Answer 3

A Canadian organization responsible for setting standards for the thical treatment of animals in research and ensuring that they are upheld.

Question 4

concern for welfare (TCPS)

Answer 4

Principle that research should have beneficial effects while minimizing any harmful effects.

Question 5

confederate

Answer 5

A person posing as a participant in an experiment who is actually part of the experiment

Question 6

confidential

Answer 6

Principle that information is kept private; disclosure is limited only to the minimum number of people necessary.

Question 7

debriefing

Answer 7

Explanation of the purposes of the research is given to participants following their participation in the research.

Question 8

deception

Answer 8

Any time a researcher misleads participants into believing something about the study that is not true

Question 9

Ethics Code

Answer 9

Documents created by research organizations and nations that offer guidance to researchers and professionals for ensuring the safety and welfare of research participants.

Question 10

exempt research

Answer 10

Research in which there is absolutely no risk, and thus may be exempt from REB review.

Question 11

fraud

Answer 11

The intentional misrepresentation of any aspect of research (e.g., data analyses, participants).

Question 12

informed consent

Answer 12

In research ethics, the principle that participants in an experiment be informed in advance of all aspects of the research that may influence their decision to participate.

Question 13

justice (TCPS)

Answer 13

Principle that all individuals and groups should have fair and equal access to the benefits of research participation as well as potential risks of research participation.

Question 14

minimal risk research

Answer 14

Research that involves no greater risks to participants than they would encounter in their daily lives.

Question 15

plagiarism

Answer 15

The intentional or unintentional use of another person’s work without adequately indicating the source.

Question 16

Research Ethics Board (REB)

Answer 16

An ethics review committee established to review research proposals within a university. The REB is composed of scientists, non-scientists, and legal experts.

Question 17

respect for persons (TCPS)

Answer 17

Principle that all individuals should have the free and informed choice to participate in a study or not.

Question 18

risk-benefit analysis

Answer 18

A researcher’s or REB’s evaluation of the potential hazards of conducting a study, weighed against the potential beenfits to participants and to society.

Question 19

“three Rs”

Answer 19

In animal research, the principles of replacement (avoid using animals if possible), reduction (minimize the number of animals used), and refinement (modify procedures to minimize distress).

Question 20

Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS)

Answer 20

In Canada, the official statement of ethical conduct for research involving humans; researchers and institutions are expected to adhere to this document to receive federal research funds.