CR/MET pharmacology

Question 1

Mechanism of action of loop diuretics

Answer 1

thick ascending loop Na+/K+/2Cl- ATPase

Question 2

Example of loop diuretics

Answer 2

frusemide

Question 3

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor example

Answer 3

acetazolamide

Question 4

Carbonic anhydrase Mechanism of action

Answer 4

proximal tubule, inhibit reabsorption of bicarbonate ions

Question 5

Thiazide diuretics Mechanism of action

Answer 5

distal convoluted tubule, inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransporter

Question 6

Thiazide example

Answer 6

Thiazide example

Question 7

Potassium sparing diuretics 2 types

Answer 7

aldosterone inhibitor and epithelium Na channel antagonist

Question 8

Example of aldosterone inhibitor diuretic

Answer 8

spironolactone

Question 9

Example of epitherlium Na channel antagonist -

Answer 9

amiloride

Question 10

What is carbonic anhydrase mainly used for

Answer 10

glaucoma, mountain sickness, epilepsy

Question 11

Mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics

Answer 11

reduce reabsorption of osmotic active molecules such as urea, Na+, K+, glucose

Question 12

Example of osmotic diuretics

Answer 12

mannitol

Question 13

Adrenaline synthesis pathway

Answer 13

tyrosine ->L-Dopa  dopamine  noradrenaline  adrenaline

Question 14

Hyperthyroid treatment

Answer 14

Thionamide drugs (Propylthiouracil PTU, Carbimazole)

Question 15

What are the treatment for benign prostate tumour? –

Answer 15

tamsulonsin, finasteride

Question 16

Mechanism of action- finasteride

Answer 16

competitive inhibitor of 5α-reductase (1 mark). 5α-reductase is the androgen primarily responsible for prostatic growth and enlargement

Question 17

Tamsulon mechanism of action

Answer 17

alpha adrenergic receptor blocker (1 mark). It works by relaxing bladder neck muscles and muscle fibers in the prostate itself and make it easier to urinate. This opposes the restriction on the bladder neck outlet caused by an enlarged prostate