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Computer Science > CPU Components > Flashcards

CPU Components Flashcards

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1
Q

CPU

A

Processes all data and controls all parts of the computer

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2
Q

Parts of The CPU

A

Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Registers

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3
Q

Control Unit

A

Control the data flow between CPU and other components

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4
Q

Arithmetic Logic Unit

A

Arithmetic- addition, subtraction
Logic- Logic

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5
Q

Registers

A

Small, fast memory cells used to store temporary data inside the CPU

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6
Q

Buses

A

Parallel wires connecting CPU components

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7
Q

Data Bus

A

Carries data and instructions between components

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8
Q

Address Buss

A

Carries information of the location of data

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9
Q

Control Bus

A

Carries commands to other devices

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10
Q

Instruction Set

A

Collection of instructions that CPU uses to carry out tasks

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11
Q

Assembly Language

A

Uses mnemonic to represent instructions.Instructions are divided into opcode and operand

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12
Q

Accumulator

A

Temporary store of data within the CPU.Any data to be processed or have been processed or the results of ALU calculations.

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13
Q

Memory Data Register (MDR)

A

Temporarily stores data and instructions either before sent to memory or after being fetched.

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14
Q

Memory Address Register (MAR)

A

Temporarily stores the addresses either for where data being sent in the memory or where is being fetched from.

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15
Q

Current Instruction Register

A

Stores the current instruction ready for decoding and executing by the Control Unit.Split into opcode and operand

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16
Q

Program Counter (PC)

A

Stores the location of the next instruction.

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17
Q

FDE cycle

A

Basic method used by CPU to carry out a single instruction.

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18
Q

Fetch Stage

A
  • Address from the PC is copied to the MAR
  • CU loads the address on the address bus and sends a signal to main memory to read that instruction at that address
  • Instructions passed by data bus and copied into MDR
  • Instructions in MDR is copied to CIR
  • Pc is incremented by 1
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19
Q

Decode Stage

A
  • Instruction in CIR is decoded
  • It is split into operand and opcode
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20
Q

Execute Stage

A
  • Carrying out the instruction that has been decoded
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21
Q

CPU Performance

A

Clock speed
Cores
Cache
Ram size
GPU
Pipelining

22
Q

Clock speed

A

How many instructions CPU can perform in 1 second.

23
Q

Cores

A

A complete processing unit within the CPU.

24
Q

Parallel Processing

A

When a single task is split into 2 or more parts and each part is processed at the same time.

25
Q

Cache

A

Small but extremely fast type of RAM inside the CPU.
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3

26
Q

RAM

A

Random access memory - main memory used to store frequently used data and instructions.

27
Q

Virtual Memory

A

Very slow form of ram on a hard disc.

28
Q

GPU

A

Responsible for processing graphics.

29
Q

Pipelining

A

Fetching 1st instruction while the 2nd is being decoded.

30
Q

Von Neumann architecture

A
  • One CU
  • ALU
  • Registers
  • Single set of buses
  • Shared memory for data and instructions
31
Q

Harvard Architecture

A
  • Separate memory for data and instructions
  • Used for embeded systems
32
Q

Advantages of Von Neumann Architecture

A
  • Cheaper to develop since the control unit is easier to design.
  • Programs can be optimised in size.
33
Q

Advantages of Harvard Architecture

A
  • Quicker since data and instructions can be fetched in parallel.
  • Both memories can be different sizes.
34
Q

Contemporary Processing

A
  • Combines Harvard and Von Neumann architecture
  • Von Neumann used when working with the data and instructions in main memory
  • Harvard is used when working with cache
  • Has a separate instruction for data and cache
35
Q

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)

A
  • Large instruction set
  • Has more transistors
  • Takes multiple clock cycles per instruction
  • The compiler has less work to do
  • Used in laptops and desktops
  • Requires more power
  • Costs more
  • Less RAM needed to store the code
36
Q

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)

A
  • Small instruction set
  • Less transistors
  • Takes one clock cycle
  • Compilers are more complicated
  • Used in smartphones and tablets
  • Requires less power
  • Costs less
  • Takes up more space in RAM
37
Q

Multicore Processors

A
  • Has many cores
  • Each core can work on the same task or each core can work on separate tasks at the same time
38
Q

Parallel Systems

A

Complete multiple instructions simultaneously using techniques like pipelining

39
Q

Secondary storage device

A

Physical hardware that carries out the storage action.Non volatile
- Magnetic
- Optical
- Flash

40
Q

Magnetic Storage

A

It contains several platters on a spindle, spinning at high speed, with read/write heads floating just above the surface.

41
Q

Magnetic Storage Pros/Cons

A

Pros
- Huge capacity
- Low GB cost
- Long Term

Cons
- Portability
- Moving Parts
- Magnetic field

42
Q

Optical Storage

A

Laser beam burns tiny pits on to the surface of the optical disk. If a pit is present, this can represent a data bit being ‘1’ and if no pit this can represent a data bit being ‘0’.
CD, DVD, Blu Ray

43
Q

Optical Storage Pros/Cons

A

Pros
- Cheap
- Portable

Cons
- Low Capacity
- Easily scratched
- Slower read/write speed

44
Q

Flash Storage

A

Stores data in flash memory cells.
SSD, USB Stick

45
Q

Flash Storage Pros/Cons

A

Pros
- Portable
- Fast read/write speeds
- No moving parts
- Silent

Cons
- Cost

46
Q

Choosing the right storage device

A
  • Capacity
  • Speed
  • Portability
  • Durability
  • Reliability
  • Cost
47
Q

Volatile Memory

A

Memory that loses its data once power is switched off.

48
Q

Read Only Memory (ROM)

A

Read Only which means that it cannot be changed, overwritten or removed
Non - Volatile
Stores BIOS

49
Q

Input device

A

Used to enter data into a computer
Keyboard
Touchscreen
Mouse
Microphone

50
Q

Output device

A

Used to output information from a computer
Monitor
Speaker
Printer
Headphones

Computer Science (3 decks)

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