CPTED Exam Flashcards
What are the principles of CPTED
The proper design and effective use of the built environment that can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of crime and the improvment in the quality of life
What is the 3-D concept of CPTED?
1) Designation - purpose of design
2) Design- how space defines clear ownership, and supports + controls desired behaviors
3) Definition - describe desire + accepted behaviors
What are the CPTED strategies?
1) Natural surveillance
2) Natural access control
3) Territorial Reinforcment
4) Maintenance
Is the perception of crime unimportant when designing our environment?
No. Perception is offen reality
What are some of the examples of organized crime prevention options?
involving people such as:
1) establish neighborhood watch/ neighborhood patrol
2) Security guards etc
CPTED focuses on the behavior and perceptions of which groups?
1) Normal users- person you designate to be in a certain place
2) abnormal users- person you do not desire to be in a certain place
3) Observers- Person who have to be in a certain area to ovserve huntion function/ interaction (example: Parent watching chimd at the playground)
CPTED stands for?
Crime Prevention
Through
Environmental
Design
Who coined the phase “CPTED”
C Ray Jefferies
Who coind the term “Eyes on the street” in tbe book “The Death and the Life of Great American Cities”.
Jane Jacobs
What is Natural surveillance?
The placement of physical features, activities, and people in a way that maximizes visibility to allow clear unobstructive view of area or surounding areas
What is the use of sidewalks, paving materials, lighting, landscaping, fencing, public art, and colorful design elements to GUIDE or ALLOW ACCESS to the site?
Natural access Control
What is the use of pavement treatments, landscaping, art, sinage, screening, and fences to define and outline OWNERSHIP of property?
Territorial reinforcement
What are transition zones?
Defining:
1) Public zones
2) semi-public zones
3) Private zones
What areas do transition zones separate?
They provide clear border definitions of controlled space for:
1) Public zones
2) semi-public zones
3) private zones
Under the CPTED model what is design defined?
Includes:
- physical
- social management
- L.E. Directive
That seek to affect positive human behavior as people interact with their environment
Under the CPTED model what is environment defined?
- Includes people
- their physical surroundings
- social surroundings
In CPTED, windows on the exterior of a building are an example of what?
Natural surveillance
When CPTED strategies cannot be applied, should physical security applications be taken into consideration?
Yes. Mechanical (cameras) and Organizational strategies (security) should be considered
What are the three crime prevention options typically available to control criminal behavior?
1) Organizational (security)
2) Mechanical (cameras)
3) Natural spacial definitions (windows)
CPTED places the greatest emphasis on which crime prevention strategy?
Natural crime prevention strategies
Is landscaping an important element when applying CPTED concepts?
Yes.
- 2ft to 6ft rule allows natural surveillance.
- it helps with wayfinding/ pathfinding
- displays teritorial reinforcement
Is a maintenance plan essential in landscaping?
Yes. Its displays ownership, and territorial reinforcemt and allows natural surveiland if 2ft/ 6ft rule is applied in landscaping
From a CPTED standpoint, landscaping should not disrupt critical areas of natural surveillance. What are examples where natural surveillance is critical?
If landscaping kept to 2ft/ 6ft rule in parking lots, pedestrian paths, and commin areas, it allows:
- direct observation of these areas (at least 30ft) to deter crime due to natural surveillance
- it can act as natural barriers for transition zones from public, to semi-public, to private areas
- it can assist with pathfinding
- it shows ownership through territorial reinforcement
In landscaping, what is the 2ft to 6ft rule?
- Not allowing bushes/ shrubs to grow past 2 feet
- not allowing tree canopies to grow below 6ft
Both which allow for natural surveilance and territorial reinforcement
Can landscaping, when used properly, do all of the following?
- define territory
- control access
- create ownership of a site
Yes
In considering placement of a fence or wall, what would the CPTED benefits be?
- should be transparent
- should be unobtrusive
- should create sense if community
- should provide character
- should be maintained
Lighting has two purposes within the CPTED model:
1- The primary purpose (most important) is for the illumination of human activity
2- The secondary purpose of lighting is for security
What lighting option offers the best color rendering?
LED lighting
What is the the unit of measure for lighting striking a surface one square foot in area which one unit of light is uniformly distributed?
Foot candle
What is the single most cost-effective deterrent to night crime?
Proper lighting
What should be considered in evaluating light for a site?
- The size of area or facility
- the amount of light needed
- the type of facility or area
Which is the best lamp for the illumination of human activity?
LED lighting
What is traffic calming?
It is a combination of mainly physical measures that seeks to:
1- reduce the negative effect of motor vehicle use
2- alter driver behavior
3- Improve conditions for non-motorized street users
What are the objectives of traffic calming?
1- encourage safe vehicle speeds
2- reduce collision frequency and severity
3- increase the safety + perception of safety for non-motorized users on tbe street
What are speed bumps?
Raised land on a street or parking lot area that cause vehicles to reduce speed to at least 5mph
Does cut through traffic add to the safety of a neighborhood by providing more surveilance?
No
Will closing streets stop all crime problems?
No
What are some of the benefits of mandatory CPTED reviews?
Provides opportunity to apply CPTED standards uniformly throughout a jurisdiction
In conducting a neighborhood CPTED site review, an inventory of the neighborhood should include what?
- demographics
- land use
- housing
- transportation
- safe and unsafe places
IT WILL NOT INCLUDE ECONOMIC STATUS OF RESIDENTS!!!
What are CPTED site reviews used for?
- Identify and define potential problems in proposed site plans
- then make recommendations to address the problems
Another term for an outline drawing between CPTED designer and the client is a
Scematic drawing or outline drawing
What are completed site plan drawings that have yet to receive the necessary governmental approvals to become “Final Site Plans?”
Preliminary Site Plans
When designing and planning a site, is it important to know the use of the surrounding land adjacent the project?
Yes. Surrounding land use can have an impact on the site
“Quality of life needs”, must be first determined at what stage of a projects development?
At the “Design Phase”
When dealing with zoning issues utilizing CPTED, what elements are essential?
- yard setbacks
- parking
- maintenance and upkeep
In conducting a CPTED security survey what categories are there to consider
- ORGANIZED SECURITY= Security guards, plans and procedures etc.
- MECHANICAL SECURITY = Cameras, alarms, fences, access control, Biometric systems
- NATURAL SECURITY= Windows, lanscaping,
crime analysis purposes how long a review of crime?
5 years
Why is it important to have written documentation of CPTED security survey?
- record of performance
- record of recommendations
- liability
- eliminates any denial that CPTED info was provided
- eliminates miscommunication
A vital part of CPTED security survey is a “disclaimer” which should be approved by who?
Should be approved through the agency’s Legal Department
What do CPTED site reviews evaluate?
evaluate:
- proposed built environment
- behavior of people
- productive use of space
