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LIfeguard Training Written Test > CPR and First Aid > Flashcards

CPR and First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 Bloodborne Pathogens

A

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV

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2
Q

How can pathogens spread? (4 things)

A

Present pathogen, sufficient quantity of pathogen, person is susceptible to pathogen, pathogen passes through correct entry site

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3
Q

Hepatitis B signs and symptoms

A

fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of apetite, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, jaundice

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4
Q

Hep B mode of transmission

A

direct and indirect contact

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5
Q

Hep B infectious material

A

blood, saliva, vomit, semen

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6
Q

Hep C signs and symptoms

A

fatigue, dark urine, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, jaundice

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7
Q

Hep C mode of transmission

A

direct and indirect contact

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8
Q

Hep C infectious material

A

blood, saliva, vomit, semen

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9
Q

HIV signs and symptoms

A

not always in early stages
late stages: fever, fatigue, diarrhea, skin rashes, night sweats, loss of apetite, swollen lymph glands, significan weight loss, white spots on mouth, vaginal discharge, memory and movement problems

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10
Q

HIV mode of transmission

A

direct and maybe indirect contact

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11
Q

HIV infectious material

A

blood, saliva, vomit, semen, vaginal fluit, breast milk

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12
Q

Define: direct contact

A

when blood or body fluids go from one person to another’s body
ex: open cut or sore

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13
Q

Define: indirect contact

A

touching an object that contains body fluid

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14
Q

Define: droplet transmission

A

sneezing

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15
Q

define: vector-borne transmission

A

body penetrated by outside source (insect sting)

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16
Q

OSHA (what does it stand for?)

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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17
Q

Precautions against infection

A 
PPE
good hand hygiene 
engineering controls
work practice controls
proper equipment cleaning
spill clean-up procedures
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18
Q

General procedure for injury or sudden illness on land

A
  1. size up scene
  2. Primary assessment (consent)
  3. Summon EMS (if necessary)
  4. Secondary assessment
  5. Provide Care
  6. Report, Advise and Release
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19
Q

How to size up the scene

A 
use senses to check for hazards
what caused the illness or injury?
how many people are hurt?
what additional help is needed?
Put on PPE
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20
Q

Move a victim if…

A

there is immediate danger
you need to reach someone more injured
you can’t give care there

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21
Q

How to move a victim (list carries)

A 
walking assist
2 person seat carry
clothes drag
pack-strap carry
Ankle Drag
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22
Q

clothes drag

A

use for a spinal victim

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23
Q

Summon EMS if…

A
  • Unconscious or altered LOC
  • breathing probs
  • recovered from underwater
  • chest pain or discomfort lasting more than a few mins
  • persistent abdominal pain or pressure
  • no pulse
  • severe external bleeding
  • severe burns
  • suspected poisoning
  • see other card about seizures
  • spinal injuries
  • stroke
  • swelling, broken bones, open fractures
  • worsening condition
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24
Q

When to call EMS (seizures only)

A 
ALL IN WATER SEIZURES
Land:
-lasts more than 5 mins
-repeated seizures with no signs of slowing
-suspected injury
-unknown cause
-pregnant
-diabetes
-still unconscious
-elderly (possible stroke)
-first seizure
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25
Q

How long do you check for breathing and pulse?

A

no more than 10 seconds

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26
Q

Ways to open airway

A
  • heat tilt chin lift (when at side)
  • jaw thrust maneuver (w/ head extension) (when rescuer is at head)
  • jaw thrust maneuver (w/o head extension) (spinal)
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27
Q

When to give 2 ventilations

A
  • unconscious adult not breathing as a result of drowning, hypoxia, or breathing emergencies
  • if there is a pulse but no breathing
  • unconscious child/infant who did not suddenly collapse
28
Q

signs and symptoms: respiratory distress

A
  • slow or rapid breathing
  • unusually deep or shallow breathing
  • shortness of breath or noisy breathing
  • dizziness, drowsiness or light headedness
  • changes in LOC
  • increased heart rate
  • chest pain/discomfort
  • pale flushed ashen or bluish skin
  • moist or cool skin
  • gasping for breath
  • wheezing
  • inability to speak full sentences
  • tingling in hands, feet or lips
  • feeling apprehension or fear
29
Q

caring for respiratory distress

A
  • maintain open airway
  • summon EMS
  • help victim rest
  • reassure victim
  • assist victim with meds
  • keep victim from getting cold or hot
  • administer emergency oxygen if trained
30
Q

Cardiac chain of survival

A

early EMS
Early CPR
early AED
early advanced medical care

31
Q

Causes of heart attack

A

cardiovascular disease, respiratory distress, electrocution, traumatic injury, coronary heart disease, stroke

32
Q

recognizing heart attack

A
  • chest pain
  • persistent discomfort pressure or pain
  • coming and going pain
  • difficulty breathing
  • pale or ashen skin
  • sweating on face
  • dizziness
  • nausea/vomiting
  • fatigue
33
Q

care for heart attack

A
  1. summon EMS
  2. help victim chill
  3. loosen clothes
  4. monitor V
  5. comfort
  6. assist with meds
  7. be ready for CPR
34
Q

Stop CPR if…

A
  • signs of life
  • AED to use
  • trained rescuer takes over
  • EMS takes over
  • too exhausted
  • unsafe scene
35
Q

2 rescuer CPR

A

switch every 2 mins

for a child or infant switch to 15:2

36
Q

Types of heart failure

A

V fib and Vtach and a systole

37
Q

V-fib

A

no organized rhythm random

38
Q

V-Tach

A

too fast to pump blood effectively

39
Q

Asystole

A

no heartbeat

40
Q

Causes of Cardiac arrest in kids and infants

A
  • breathing
  • injuries
  • hard blow to chest
  • heart disease
  • sudden infant death syndrome SIDS
41
Q

AED precautions

A
  • no alcohol to wipe chest
  • don’t touch while analyzing
  • don’t touch while shocking
  • don’t defibrillate while around flammable stuff
  • don’t use on moving vehicle
  • remove patches
  • don’t use cell phone w/in 6 feet
42
Q

Hypothermia

A

check for breathing and pulse 30-45 sec

everything else is normal

43
Q

SAMPLE

A

secondary assessment

Signs and symptoms
-bleeding, weird skin, nausea, headache, vomiting, headache, breathing probs

Allergies

Meds

Pertinent past medical history

Last oral intake

Events leading up to incident

44
Q

Signs and Symptoms: Sudden illness

A
  • changes in LOC
  • Vomiting
  • Speaking probs
  • numb or weak
  • vision
  • breathing
  • skin color
  • sweat
  • pain
  • diarrhea
  • seizures
  • paralysis
  • severe headache
45
Q

Care for sudden illness

A
  1. life threatening first
  2. monitor LOC
  3. comfort
  4. don’t feed them
  5. care for vomit
46
Q

Diabetic emergencies

A

give them sugar

47
Q

FAST

A

Stroke

Face (weakness)
Arms
Speech
Time

48
Q

Open wounds

A

Abrasion: rug burns
Laceration: cuts
Avulsion: something’s loose
Puncture

49
Q

Care for external bleeding (minor wound)

A 
control bleeding
clean wound
after bleeding stops remove dressing apply antibiotic ointment
cover wound
wash hands
50
Q

Major wound

A 
EMS
cover wound
pressure (unless open fracture)
put more dressing on top
care for shock
wash hands
51
Q

Shock

A 
EMS
monitor LOC
control external bleeding
Keep victim from chilling and heating
victim lie down
cover victim with blanket
comfort
oxygen
do not feed
52
Q

Burn types

A

Electrical
chemical
radiation

53
Q

electrical burns

A 
EMS
check scene
cool with H2O
cover 
be prepared
54
Q

chemical

A 
EMS 
brush off dry chemicals
flush w/ water
keep flushing for 20 mins
remove contaminated clothes
55
Q

radiation

A

cool and keep out of sun

56
Q

Heat injuries

A

heat cramps
heat exhaustion
heat stroke

57
Q

heat cramps

A

painful least severe

58
Q

heat exhaustion

A

cool moist pale or ashen or flushed skin
headache
nausea, dizziness
weakness/exhaustion; sweating

59
Q

heat stroke

A

no sweating
changes in LOC
vomiting

60
Q

care for heat stuff

A 
move to cool place
loosen clothes
cool with water
fan
have them drink

if worsening

EMS
place on side
cool
check for breathing/pulse

61
Q

Hypothermia

A 
EMS
warm place
off wet clothes
warm slowly
warm liquids
monitor LOC
62
Q

Frostbite

A 
out of cold
don't try to warm if it might refreeze
handle gently
soak in warm water
bandage
don't break blisters
precautions vs. hypopthermia
monitor shock
EMS
63
Q

muscles bones joint

A

fracture
dislocation
sprain
stain

64
Q

splints

A

anatomic
soft
rigid

65
Q

anatomic split

A

body is splint

66
Q

soft splint

A

blanket or towel

67
Q

rigid splint

A

boards

LIfeguard Training Written Test (1 decks)

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