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LIfeguard Training Written Test > CPR and First Aid > Flashcards

CPR and First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 Bloodborne Pathogens

A

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV

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2
Q

How can pathogens spread? (4 things)

A

Present pathogen, sufficient quantity of pathogen, person is susceptible to pathogen, pathogen passes through correct entry site

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3
Q

Hepatitis B signs and symptoms

A

fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of apetite, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, jaundice

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4
Q

Hep B mode of transmission

A

direct and indirect contact

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5
Q

Hep B infectious material

A

blood, saliva, vomit, semen

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6
Q

Hep C signs and symptoms

A

fatigue, dark urine, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, jaundice

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7
Q

Hep C mode of transmission

A

direct and indirect contact

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8
Q

Hep C infectious material

A

blood, saliva, vomit, semen

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9
Q

HIV signs and symptoms

A

not always in early stages
late stages: fever, fatigue, diarrhea, skin rashes, night sweats, loss of apetite, swollen lymph glands, significan weight loss, white spots on mouth, vaginal discharge, memory and movement problems

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10
Q

HIV mode of transmission

A

direct and maybe indirect contact

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11
Q

HIV infectious material

A

blood, saliva, vomit, semen, vaginal fluit, breast milk

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12
Q

Define: direct contact

A

when blood or body fluids go from one person to another’s body
ex: open cut or sore

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13
Q

Define: indirect contact

A

touching an object that contains body fluid

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14
Q

Define: droplet transmission

A

sneezing

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15
Q

define: vector-borne transmission

A

body penetrated by outside source (insect sting)

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16
Q

OSHA (what does it stand for?)

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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17
Q

Precautions against infection

A 
PPE
good hand hygiene 
engineering controls
work practice controls
proper equipment cleaning
spill clean-up procedures
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18
Q

General procedure for injury or sudden illness on land

A
  1. size up scene
  2. Primary assessment (consent)
  3. Summon EMS (if necessary)
  4. Secondary assessment
  5. Provide Care
  6. Report, Advise and Release
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19
Q

How to size up the scene

A 
use senses to check for hazards
what caused the illness or injury?
how many people are hurt?
what additional help is needed?
Put on PPE
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20
Q

Move a victim if…

A

there is immediate danger
you need to reach someone more injured
you can’t give care there

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21
Q

How to move a victim (list carries)

A 
walking assist
2 person seat carry
clothes drag
pack-strap carry
Ankle Drag
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22
Q

clothes drag

A

use for a spinal victim

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23
Q

Summon EMS if…

A
  • Unconscious or altered LOC
  • breathing probs
  • recovered from underwater
  • chest pain or discomfort lasting more than a few mins
  • persistent abdominal pain or pressure
  • no pulse
  • severe external bleeding
  • severe burns
  • suspected poisoning
  • see other card about seizures
  • spinal injuries
  • stroke
  • swelling, broken bones, open fractures
  • worsening condition
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24
Q

When to call EMS (seizures only)

A 
ALL IN WATER SEIZURES
Land:
-lasts more than 5 mins
-repeated seizures with no signs of slowing
-suspected injury
-unknown cause
-pregnant
-diabetes
-still unconscious
-elderly (possible stroke)
-first seizure
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25
How long do you check for breathing and pulse?
no more than 10 seconds
26
Ways to open airway
- heat tilt chin lift (when at side) - jaw thrust maneuver (w/ head extension) (when rescuer is at head) - jaw thrust maneuver (w/o head extension) (spinal)
27
When to give 2 ventilations
- unconscious adult not breathing as a result of drowning, hypoxia, or breathing emergencies - if there is a pulse but no breathing - unconscious child/infant who did not suddenly collapse
28
signs and symptoms: respiratory distress
- slow or rapid breathing - unusually deep or shallow breathing - shortness of breath or noisy breathing - dizziness, drowsiness or light headedness - changes in LOC - increased heart rate - chest pain/discomfort - pale flushed ashen or bluish skin - moist or cool skin - gasping for breath - wheezing - inability to speak full sentences - tingling in hands, feet or lips - feeling apprehension or fear
29
caring for respiratory distress
- maintain open airway - summon EMS - help victim rest - reassure victim - assist victim with meds - keep victim from getting cold or hot - administer emergency oxygen if trained
30
Cardiac chain of survival
early EMS Early CPR early AED early advanced medical care
31
Causes of heart attack
cardiovascular disease, respiratory distress, electrocution, traumatic injury, coronary heart disease, stroke
32
recognizing heart attack
- chest pain - persistent discomfort pressure or pain - coming and going pain - difficulty breathing - pale or ashen skin - sweating on face - dizziness - nausea/vomiting - fatigue
33
care for heart attack
1. summon EMS 2. help victim chill 3. loosen clothes 4. monitor V 5. comfort 6. assist with meds 7. be ready for CPR
34
Stop CPR if...
- signs of life - AED to use - trained rescuer takes over - EMS takes over - too exhausted - unsafe scene
35
2 rescuer CPR
switch every 2 mins | for a child or infant switch to 15:2
36
Types of heart failure
V fib and Vtach and a systole
37
V-fib
no organized rhythm random
38
V-Tach
too fast to pump blood effectively
39
Asystole
no heartbeat
40
Causes of Cardiac arrest in kids and infants
- breathing - injuries - hard blow to chest - heart disease - sudden infant death syndrome SIDS
41
AED precautions
- no alcohol to wipe chest - don't touch while analyzing - don't touch while shocking - don't defibrillate while around flammable stuff - don't use on moving vehicle - remove patches - don't use cell phone w/in 6 feet
42
Hypothermia
check for breathing and pulse 30-45 sec | everything else is normal
43
SAMPLE
secondary assessment Signs and symptoms -bleeding, weird skin, nausea, headache, vomiting, headache, breathing probs Allergies Meds Pertinent past medical history Last oral intake Events leading up to incident
44
Signs and Symptoms: Sudden illness
- changes in LOC - Vomiting - Speaking probs - numb or weak - vision - breathing - skin color - sweat - pain - diarrhea - seizures - paralysis - severe headache
45
Care for sudden illness
1. life threatening first 2. monitor LOC 3. comfort 3. don't feed them 4. care for vomit
46
Diabetic emergencies
give them sugar
47
FAST
Stroke Face (weakness) Arms Speech Time
48
Open wounds
Abrasion: rug burns Laceration: cuts Avulsion: something's loose Puncture
49
Care for external bleeding (minor wound)
``` control bleeding clean wound after bleeding stops remove dressing apply antibiotic ointment cover wound wash hands ```
50
Major wound
``` EMS cover wound pressure (unless open fracture) put more dressing on top care for shock wash hands ```
51
Shock
``` EMS monitor LOC control external bleeding Keep victim from chilling and heating victim lie down cover victim with blanket comfort oxygen do not feed ```
52
Burn types
Electrical chemical radiation
53
electrical burns
``` EMS check scene cool with H2O cover be prepared ```
54
chemical
``` EMS brush off dry chemicals flush w/ water keep flushing for 20 mins remove contaminated clothes ```
55
radiation
cool and keep out of sun
56
Heat injuries
heat cramps heat exhaustion heat stroke
57
heat cramps
painful least severe
58
heat exhaustion
cool moist pale or ashen or flushed skin headache nausea, dizziness weakness/exhaustion; sweating
59
heat stroke
no sweating changes in LOC vomiting
60
care for heat stuff
``` move to cool place loosen clothes cool with water fan have them drink ``` if worsening EMS place on side cool check for breathing/pulse
61
Hypothermia
``` EMS warm place off wet clothes warm slowly warm liquids monitor LOC ```
62
Frostbite
``` out of cold don't try to warm if it might refreeze handle gently soak in warm water bandage don't break blisters precautions vs. hypopthermia monitor shock EMS ```
63
muscles bones joint
fracture dislocation sprain stain
64
splints
anatomic soft rigid
65
anatomic split
body is splint
66
soft splint
blanket or towel
67
rigid splint
boards

LIfeguard Training Written Test (1 decks)

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