CPR, AED, First Aid Flashcards
ADULT RESCUE BREATHING
Scene safe, BSI, unconscious, 911
Pulse presnt, no breathing
1 breath q 6 sec for 2 min then if pulse no breathing, continue Rescue Breathing (If no pulse, no breathing then CPR, AED)
ADULT RESCUE BREATHING
Scene safe, BSI, unconscious, 911
Pulse, no breathing
1 breath every 5 seconds (RR 12). At 2 min check pulse
CHILD RESCUE BREATHING
Scene safe, BSI, 911
Pulse, no breathing
1 breath q 2-3 sec. At 2 min, check pulse for <10sec.
If pulse then continue rescue breathing.
If lose pulse then CPR, AED
CHILD RESCUE BREATHING rate
1 breath every 2-3 sec (RR20-30), chest rise.
rescuer can deliver multiple breaths with one inhale so avoid rescuer hyperventilation
INFANT PULSE CHECK
(age < 1year)
Brachial for <10 sec
INFANT RESCUE BREATHING
Scene safe, BSI, unconscious, 911
Bracheal pulse, not breathing
enough for chest rise
1 breath q 2-3 sec for 2 min, check pulse, etc
RESPIRATORY ARREST, ADULT consider opioid, NALOXONE dose
NALOXONE 2mg IM or intranasal. 1cc each nostril. -takes 3-5 min to take effect
may wear off, may need 2nd dose
observe for 2hr after 1st dose
ADULT CPR, 1 rescuer
-scene safe, BSI, unresponsive, 911/AED/EMS
-check carotid pulse <10 sec
-sternum between breast/nipple
2-2.4” depth
full recoil
100-120 compression/min (2 compression per sec)
30 compression to 2 breaths
continue until AED, EMS, or revive
CHILD CPR, 1 rescuer
-scene safe, BSI, unresponsive, 911/AED/EMS
check carotid pulse <10 sec
sternum between nipple
1/3 chest depth, full recoil
100-120 compression/min
30 compression : 2 breaths
until AED, EMS, or revive
INFANT CPR, 1 rescuer
-scene safe, BSI, unresponsive (tap feet/chest), 911/AED/EMS
-check brachial (btwn bicep, tricep) pulse for <10 sec
(short neck, raise shoulder/scapula so slight chin up “sniffing position”)
-lower 1/3 sternum. 2 finger below nipple line
2 finger compression or thumb circumferential compressions.
1/3 chest depth, full recoil
100-120 compression/min
30 compression : 2 breaths
until AED, EMS, or revive
NEONATE CPR age
<1month old, usually respiratory issue
-keep the infant oxygenated, usually prevents cardiac arrest, especially when immediate problem is respiratory and not cardiac related.
NEONATE (<1mo) CPR, 1 rescuer
scene safe, BSI, unresponsive (tap feet/chest), 911/AED/EMS
-ck brachial pulse for <10sec, if pulse 60-100, then neonate rescue breathing 1 q 3 sec
-if pulse <60 then neonatal CPR: 3 compression :1 breath
-(raise shoulder/scapula so chin up slight “sniffing position”)
ring finger at nipple line
index&middle finger compression, lower 1/3 sternum
1/3 chest depth
3 compression :1 breath
[if known cardiac defect, 15 compression: 2 breaths]
until AED, EMS, or re
NEONATE CPR, 1 rescuer, compression to breath
3 compression :1 breath
2 finger compression or circumferential w thumbs
INFANT CPR, 1 rescuer, compression to breath
30 compression : 2 breaths
rate 100-120/min
NEONATE CPR initiate
if brachial pulse <60
ADULT CPR, AED, 1 rescuer
scene safe, BSI, unconscious 911/AED
check carotid pulse <10 sec
sternum between breast/nipple
2-2.4” depth, full recoil
100-120 compression/min
30 compression to 2 breaths
AED on, apply AED pads, plug in, follow prompts for analyzing, clear for shock, resume CPR for 5 cycles 2 min
continue until EMS, or revive
CHILD CPR, 2 rescuers
scene safe, BSI, unresponsive, activate EMS/911
-check carotid pulse 10 sec
sternum between nipple
-2 hands if large, 1 hand if small child
1/3 chest depth, full recoil
100-120 compression/min
15 compression : 2 breaths
call for switch q 2 min, minimize pauses
until AED, EMS, or revive
AED pediatric pads
for child <55lbs
if pedi pads not avail, use adult in front and back position. pads shouldn’t touch
CHILD CPR, 2 rescuers compression-breath ratio
15 compressions : 2 breaths
INFANT CPR, 2 rescuers
-scene safe, BSI, unresponsive (tap feet or chest), 911/AED/EMS
-check brachial (btwn bicep, tricep) pulse for <10 sec
-if pulse 60-100 then rescue breathing
-if pulse <60 then CPR
(short neck, raise shoulder/scapula, chin up slight “sniffing position”)
sternum between nipple
2 finger compression or circumferential thumb compressions
15 compression : 2 breaths
-switch q 2 min (~5cycles)
1/3 chest depth, full recoil
100-120 compression/min
until AED, EMS, or revive
INFANT Circumferential Chest Compressions
imaginary line across the infant’s nipples, place thumbs on top of one another on the lower part of the center of the sternum
INFANT Airway Anatomy
Trachea diam = infant’s pinky
Heart size = infant’s fist
Heart location = under sternum
CHOKING, UNCONSCIOUS ADULT
choking adult goes unconscious, not breathing
-911/EMS/AED
-30 compressions – between breasts, lower third sternum. (NO ab thrust)
-open airway, look for obstruction, attempt to give 2 breaths adjusting head/airway.
-if no breaths go in, resume 30 compressions
-if visualize object, remove, attempt to give 2 breaths
-if go through, check pulse
-if pulse, no breathing, continue rescue breathing q5 sec for 2 min.
if no pulse, no breathing, then CPR 30compression:2 breaths
CHOKING UNCONSCIOUS CHILD
choking child goes unconscious, not breathing
-911/EMS/AED
-30 compressions – between breasts, lower third sternum.
-open airway, look for obstruction, attempt to give 2 breaths adjusting head/airway.
-if no breaths go in, resume 30 compressions
-if visualize object, remove, attempt to give 2 breaths
-if go through, check carotid pulse <10 sec
-if pulse, no breathing, continue RESCUE BREATHING q3 sec for 2 min.
if no pulse, no breathing, then CPR 30 compression:2 breaths
UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING INFANT
choking infant goes unconscious, not breathing
-911/EMS/AED carry infant w you
-30 compressions – below nipple line, lower third sternum.
-open airway, look for obstruction, attempt to give 1 breaths adjusting, give another breath.
-if no breaths go in, resume 30 compressions
-if visualize object, remove, attempt to give 2 breaths
-if go through, check bracheal pulse <10 sec (MULTIPLY BY 6 for per minute HR)
-if adequate pulse, no breathing, continue RESCUE BREATHING q3 sec for 2 min.
if <60 pulse, no breathing, then CPR 30 compression:2 breaths
TOURNIQUET Indications
-Life-threatening arterial bleed that cannot be controlled with pressure
-if there is anticipated delay in EMS
-mark time
ANIMAL BITES - open wound
wash soap & water, apply bandage, refer for medical tx
-tetanus shot
-rabies risk if animal immunization status not known or wild animals -BATS, skunk, fox, racoon.
HUMAN BITES
if break skin - infection risk -clean soap & water, cover, address bleed
tetanus status
refer for definitive medical tx
THERMAL BURN
-Stop the burn - remove the burn, remove smoldering clothing
-Cool burn full-thickness 10 min
-apply loose DRY sterile bandage, starting proximal to distal
-assess for inhalation burn (airway sounds, soot near nose mouth).
-watch for shock, keep pt warm
CHEMICAL BURN
Brush off
Wash off 15 min
ELECTRICAL BURN
Do not touch the pt. 1st Cut the power
Find entry & exit site (can explode, look larger, fx long bone)
Risk for dysrhythmia secondarily
THERMAL BURN DEGREES
1st degree – pink outer zone, redness, pain
2nd degree – blistering skin, very painful
3rd degree – dark, charred, potential life-threatening complications
THERMAL BURNS - PEDIATRIC PT
More prone to dehydration, body heat loss
SNAKE BITE
-remove from danger, assume poisonous
-activate EMS
-calm, keep bite site immobile
-pressure bandage
-bite site at or lower than heart level, minimize venom circulation
-avoid constriction near site
-wash site
-DO NOT:
Do not apply ice
Do not cut the wound
Do not apply suction
Do not apply a tourniquet
EPI PEN
-call 911 if Epi-pen used
-note time of dose
-2nd epi-pen may be given if symptoms persist/recur and there is 5-10min delay in EMS arrival. Note time of 2nd dose
-ck expiration, uncap, do not put finger on end, hold perpendicular to side of thigh, hold 3 sec, rub area 10 sec
EPINEPHRINE DOSES
0.15 mg for children weighing 33-66 lbs
0.3 mg for children and adults weighing >66 lbs
ALBUTEROL
-spacer improves delivery
-exhale and inhale, hold 10 sec. x2
HYPOTHERMIA
avoid agitating frost-bitten parts so as not to dislodge frozen crystals to heart
-remove from cold
-straighten pt out of fetal & -mylar blanket wrap
monitor until help arrives
POISONING
800-222-1222
have activated charcoal available
DROWNING
-typically no noise, just flailing
-activate 911 if potential emergency
-REACH, THROW
-arm, towel (keep your center of mass low), pole, pfd (tell pt to kick), anything that floats
-weight on back leg, point pole near pt, pull & add wot on rear leg
conscious CHOKING pregnant adult
avoid abdomen
-underbreasts and administer sternal compression/thrusts
HEART ATTACK 2020 update
-Cardiac history? take cardiac meds? take nitroglycerin?
-Aspirin - were you ever told you must not take ASA? are you allergic to ASA? do you have bleeding problems?
-2-4 baby aspirin, chew, swallow (decreases clot formation)
STROKE - FAST
-FACE - smile (droop?)
ARMS - arms out front (drift?)
SAY - “the sky is blue” (slurred?)
TIME - write down when event started
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
bleach:water::1:9
REMOVING GLOVES
-touch only glove to glove, skin to skin
AED for infant (<1yo)
pads front and back
