CPR 8.01 CHD's

Question 1

Down Syndrome is associated with what CHD and what doe this entail?

Answer 1

AV Canal Defect defect (ASD, VSD, AV Valves hypoplasia).

Question 2

Turner syndrome is associated with what 3 CHD’s?

Answer 2

bicuspid aortic stenosis, coarctation of aorta, hypopastic left heart

Question 3

What is the overall incidence of CHD’s?

Answer 3

80/10,000 live births

Question 4

What is the most common CHD?

Answer 4

VSD

Question 5

What is the most common cyanic CHD?

Answer 5

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 6

Describe what is occurring, associated murmur, unique information/common location, and tx of VSD.

Answer 6

1. Def: opening(s) in IV septum with L to R shunting.
2. Murmur: holosystolic, increased pulmonic valve flow.
3. Stats: Most common congenital heart anomaly. Perimembranous most common.
4. Tx: 50% close by age 2. Larger lesions need patch clousre.

Question 7

Describe what is occurring, associated murmur, most common location, and tx of ASD

Answer 7

1. Def: opening in IA septum with L to R shunting.
2. Murmur: mid-diastolic, increased flow across tricuspid valve.
3. Stats: most commonly occurs at ostium secundum of fossa ovalis.
4. Tx: patch closure.

Question 8

Describe what is occurring, associated murmur, most common location, and tx of Aortic stenosis

Answer 8

1. Def: hypoplastic or fused aortic leaflets obstruct ventricular outflow.
2. Murmur: systolic, turbulent flow across aortic valve.
3. Stats: usually bicuspic leaflet involved rather than tricuspid.
4. Tx: palliate with balloon vaovuloplasty. Later Aortic valve relacement.

Question 9

Describe what is occurring, associated murmur, most common Sx, and early/late tx of PDA

Answer 9

1. Def: persistent patency of DA. Prostaglanding promotes patency.
2. Murmur: continuous machine-like.
3. Stats: L to R shunt floods lung and produces CHF.
4. Sx: indomethacin to block prostaglandins. Surgical ligation or clipping.

Question 10

Describe what is occurring, Sx, associated murmur, unique stats/associations, and early/late tx of Tetralolgy of fallot

Answer 10

1. Def: PAS, VSD, right deviation of aorta, and RVH. Inadeuate pulnonary blood flow, R to L shunting, and inadequate systemic oxygen (cyanosis).
2. Murmur: systolic, turbulence across pulmonic valve.
3. Stats: Most common cyanotic heart defect. “Tet” spells; Squatting: when patient’s condition gets exacerbated, they’ll squat down to shunt blood back over to the right side.
4. Tx: IV prostaglandins to keep DA open for pumonary blood flow. Definitive repair with pulmonary artery patch and VSD closure.

Question 11

Describe what is occurring, Sx, associated murmur, unique stats/associations, and tx of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 11

1. Def: hypoplasia of the aorta near the DA. VSD commonly associated. Severe causes present with CHF and inadequate CO. Decreased pulses in LE.
2. Murmur: systolic because of tubulent flow across the narrowing.
3. Tx: patch repair via thoracotomy.

Question 12

Describe what is occurring, Sx, and treatment of transposition of the great vessels.

Answer 12

1. Def: aorta rises from RV and PA rises from LV (2 independent circuits). Severe cyanosis, no murmur.
2. Tx: early tx with baloon septostomy creating left and right blood admixture. Definitie therapy with “arterial Sweitch Procedure” to restore proper alignment.