CPO Domain 1 Flashcards
List the three visual acuity charts
Snellen
Tumbling E
Allen Figure
List the four alternate ways to measure visual acuity and their abbreviations
Counting fingers (CF)
Hand motions (HM)
Light perception (LP)
No light perception (NLP)
What does pinhole do?
Increases depth of focus and decreases retinal blur
What is the Amsler Grid?
A grid that is used to evaluate a patient’s central vision
*Detect vision problems that occur as a result of macular pathology (macular degeneration)
Stereo Acuity Testing - what is it and how do you check?
Measures fine depth perception through their ability to fuse stereoscopic targets
Randot Stereotest - which circle looks to be floating above the page
Stereofly- help identify problems w/ amblyopia and suppresion; pinch the wings of the fly
Color Vision Testing - what is it and how do you check?
Identifies if the patient has any color deficiencies
Ishihara- tests for red-green color deficiencies (test OU separately)
D-15- tests for red-green and blue-yellow deficiencies using colored plates or discs by arranging them in a correct order
What are the extraocular muscles?
Medial Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Lateral Rectus
Superior Rectus
Superior Oblique
Inferior Oblique
Medial Rectus
In; adduction
Inferior Rectus
Down; depression, extorsion
Lateral Rectus
Out; abduction
Superior Rectus
Up; elevation, intorsion
Superior Oblique
Down and out; intorsion, depression, abduction
Inferior Oblique
Up and out; extorsion, elevation, abduction
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)
When the pupils do not constrict when light is shone in the eyes
Causes of RAPD
Optic neuritis, severe glaucoma causing trauma to optic nerve, direct optic nerve damage, RD, severe macular degeneration
Anisocoria
When one pupil is larger than the other
Three types of glaucoma
Primary open angled glaucoma (POAG)
Normal-tension glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma
Primary Open Angled Glaucoma (POAG)
Most common; fluid in the eye builds up and does not drain quick enough causing pressure
Normal-tension Glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma that happens despite having normal pressures
Angle-closure Glaucoma
Develops suddenly; fluid blockage from the iris (pain and redness)
Non-contact tonometer
Measures IOP; sends a puff of air against the eye
Contact tonometer
Used when IOP is elevated; requires the eye to be numb, touches the cornea several times
Rebound tonometry
Handheld device that uses disposable probe to check IOP
Autorefaction
uses light rays and computer to measure how light changes as it comes into the eye; estimating Rx
Autokeratometry
