CPN Flashcards
1
Q
Growth refers to:
A
Increase in SIZE
2
Q
Development refers to:
A
The maturation of structures and includes growth
3
Q
Cephalocaudally
A
From head to toe…head control, then sitting, then walking
4
Q
Proximodistally
A
Truck to tips of extremities…move legs before wiggle toes
5
Q
Chronologic age
A
Years or months since birth
6
Q
Mental age
A
Level of cognitive function
7
Q
Bone age
A
Determined by X-RAY of tarsals and carpals
8
Q
Adjusted or corrected age
A
Chronologic age MINUS # of weeks born prematurely. Used for first 2 years of life
9
Q
Weight at 6 months
A
Minimally DOUBLE birth weight
10
Q
Weight at 1 year
A
Minimally TRIPLE birth weight
11
Q
Average birth length
A
20 inches
12
Q
How many inches will a child grow in 1 year?
A
10 inches
13
Q
How many inches will a child grow in the 2nd year of life?
A
5 inches
14
Q
How many inches will a child grow from 3 years to puberty?
A
2.5 inches per year
15
Q
Birth length doubles when?
A
4 years
16
Q
Baby laughs at what month
A
4 months
17
Q
Baby has stranger anxiety when?
A
4-6 months
18
Q
Baby likes mirrors and peek a boo when?
A
7-9 months
19
Q
Baby claps and waves bye bye when?
A
10-12 months
20
Q
Baby understands cause and effect when?
A
7-9 months
21
Q
Baby points to objects and knows 5 words when?
A
10-12 months
22
Q
Baby lifts head when
A
2 months
23
Q
Posterior fontanel closes when?
A
2 months
24
Q
Baby notices hands when?
A
3 months
25
Baby rakes objects when?
4 months
26
Baby rolls back to front when?
5-6 months
27
Baby transfers objects between hands when?
5-6 months
28
Highest risk behaviors for teens are related to:
Motor vehicles
29
What aged child can sit front seat?
14 years
30
If a child ingests something at home, what do you instruct family to do?
Call poison control and DO NOT induce vomiting
31
Prevent burns by setting water heater to?
120F
32
What age does baby teethe?
3-4 months
33
First tooth when?
6 months
34
How many baby teeth by what year?
20 deciduous teeth by 3 years
35
What age to start seeing dentist
1 year
36
What year is first tooth lost
6 years
37
How many teeth lost per year
4 teeth yearly
38
Transgender diagnostic criteria (4)
1. Post puberty
2. Present x2 years
3. Not a symptom of genetic, intersex, chromosomal abnorm.
4. Persistent
39
FLACC to be used for
Infant, toddler, preschooler
40
Wong-Baker
4-8 years
41
Numeric pain scale
8+ years
42
Who needs iron supplement and when?
Breast fed infants 4 months old until solids
43
Whole milk when
1-2 years
44
Lower fat content milk when?
2+ years
45
When to introduce purée foods
4 months
46
Pincer grasp develops when?
9 months
47
Baby pulls to stand when?
10-12 months
48
When should infant reflexes disappear? (Rooting, Moro, parachute, tonic neck, Babinski)
Present at birth
| Disappear by 4 months
49
Which age group is egocentric
Toddler (1-2years)
50
What age has separation anxiety?
Toddler
51
How many words can a 12 month old say?
5
52
How many words can an 18 month old say?
50
53
How many words can a 24 month old say?
400
| Also used 2-3 word phrases
54
Anterior fontanel closes when?
12-18 months
55
What age walks?
12-16 months
56
What age climbs stairs?
21 months
57
What age runs & jumps?
24 months
58
What age has nighttime dryness (no bed wetting)
3-5 years
59
What age has daytime dryness? (No pants wetting)
2-3 years
60
Infant
0-12 months
61
Toddler
1-2 years
62
Preschooler
3-5 years
63
School aged
6-12 years
64
Adolescent
13-18 years
65
What age group develops a conscience?
Preschool
66
3 year old uses how many word phrases
3-4 word phrases
67
4 year old uses how many word phrases
4-5 word phrases
68
5 year old uses how many word phrases
5-6 word phrases
69
What age builds a tower of 6+ blocks
3 years
70
What age throws ball overhead
4 years
71
What is the greatest influence of a school aged child
Parent
72
What age group is prone to bone fractures
School aged
Child is limber
Bones grow faster than their muscles
73
Breast development/testicular enlargement at what age (1st sign of puberty)
~10 years old females
| 11 years males
74
Pubic hair at what age (2nd sign of puberty)
~11 years old females, 12 years males
75
Height spurt at what age (3rd sign of puberty)
~12 years old females, 14 years males
76
Menarche at what age (last sign of puberty)
~13 years old
77
Precocious puberty means what
1st sign of puberty at <9 years old
78
Focus is TRUST in what age group
Infant
79
Focus is AUTONOMY in what age group
Toddler
80
Focus is INITIATIVE in what age group
Preschool
81
Focus is ACHIEVEMENT in what age group
School aged
82
Focus is IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT in what age group
Adolescent
83
Thinking is non-logical and non-linear in what age group
Preschool
84
Thinking is logical, linear and concrete in what age group
School aged
85
Thinking is adaptable, flexible and abstract in what age group
Adolescent
86
How to discipline toddler
Distract & redirect
Positive reinforcement
Consistency
87
How to discipline preschooler
Ignore bad, reward good…remember they’re people pleasers
88
How to discipline school aged
Give independence
Encourage personal responsibility
Discuss consequences of actions
89
How to discipline adolescent
Promote & reinforce good
| Save battles for important things
90
What age can you vision screen with the Sloan letters chart
>6 years
91
Cisgender
Sex assigned at birth based on anatomy and chromosomes
92
Gender dysphasia
The distress and unease experienced if gender identity and sex are not congruent
93
Gender role
Behaviors, attitudes & personality traits that a society designates male or female
94
Sexual orientation
Whom one is attracted to sexually
Who you love
95
Gender identity
A persons fundamental sense of being a man, woman or non-binary
It’s who you are
96
Transsexual or transgender
Desire to live and be accepted opposite of what assigned at birth
97
Transgender man
Female to male
98
Transgender woman
Male to female
99
Most common cause of diarrhea/gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
100
C-difficle symptoms / complications / how to prevent
Symptoms: Bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain
Complications: dehydration & metabolic acidosis
Prevent: Rotavirus vaccine
101
Vomiting complications
Complications: dehydration, metabolic alkalosis, aspiration
102
Pyloric stenosis (what, what age, symptoms/assessment, complications, fix)
Thickening of abdominal muscle around pyloric muscle causing obstruction.
Olive like mass in abdomen
1-3 months old
Projectile vomiting (May + heme, NO BILE)
Complications: dehydration, metabolic alkalosis
Correct with pyloromyotomy
103
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) (what, how to Dx, interventions)
Poorly developed or incompetent lower esophageal sphincter
Dx: swallow study, upper GI, pH probe
Intervention: small and more frequent feeds, thickened formula, upright 30m after feed, antacids/PPI
*surgery (missed fundoplication if necessary)
104
Necrotizing enterocolitis (what, what age, s/s, complications, interventions)
Common in premise during neonatal period
Blood flow to GI tract compromised, becomes necrotic-bacteria invades necrotic tissue
S/s: abdominal distention, increased gastric residual volumes, vomiting, glucose + stool, bradycardia, temperature instability, bloody stool, lethargy, hypotension
Tx: bowel rest, TPN, NG LIS, manage body temp
Complications: colostomy, perforation
