CPMS Flashcards
Assess the differing roles of players in rebranding - 3 key points
Role of national government
Role of international bodies
Role of businesses
Role of National Government
Olympics
- National government secured rights to host 1992 Olympic Games
- City used the games to generate city-wide redevelopment and to renovate run-down areas such as the harbour and beaches
- Rebranding using the Olympics as its catalyst was presented to Barcelona’s inhabitants as being a ‘one-city’ exercise, intended to unite the city around a public project
- Decisions about Olympic developments were taken at all levels of the planning and design process
- Project was key in helping to reassert Catalan pride and identity following oppressive regime of General Franco until 1975
Barcelona Football Club
- National government also responsible for the construction of Nou Camp, the ground of Barcelona Football Club, is a flagship location in the city with a capacity of 98,000
- Not only reasserts city’s self-belief and confidence but also economically beneficial, with massive brand sponsorship, eg. spotify
Strategic Metropolitan Plan Vision 2020
- Presented by the National Government (in combination with municipal authority) in November 2010
- Key aim to position the city as one of the most attractive and influential European regions for innovative global talent and as the best setting for economic and business growth
-Encouraged people to view Barcelona as a location of innovation and business development
Role of EU
EU Innovation Capital
- 2014, the city was given the title of European Capital of Innovation by the EU
- Aims to establish itself as a leading centre for mobile technologies and one of the top ten ‘smart cities in the world’
Raval Rabala 80% EU funded
- In 1995, in area of Barcelona known as the Raval Rambla, significant physical regeneration was undertaken
- 5 million euro project, 80% of this came from EU funding
- Nearly 1700 residential and commercial properties were demolished to clear space for large, tree-lined pedestrian space
- New housing has been constricted for residents displaced by scheme
- Student accommodation occupies refurbished buildings and modern pneumatic refuse collection service has been introduced
Role of cultural players
UNESCO world heritage sites
- Distinctive architecture of Antoni Gaudi gave Barcelona buildings that are recognised as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO
- Cathedral of Sagrada Familia and the Casa Batllo visited by thousands of tourists annually
- City used the Universal Forum of Cultures in 2004 to promote the regeneration and reimaging of the city
Northern Raval
- In the north of the Raval region, numerous flagship cultural buildings have been constructed, shapes place profile
- Museum of Contemporary Art, Contemporary Cultural Centre, both have international reputations
- Private university has been constructed and some streets house art galleries, coffee and wine bars, restaurants and high-quality food shops, change stems from gentrification presumably sparked by cultural development
Interdependence - Brazil key countries
Portugal
USA
Haiti
Economic links
Portugal
- For economic migrants, Portugal has become a gateway for entry to the EU due to special migrant status that Brazilian citizens are given in Portugal due to colonial past, easy access to job market
USA
- highly skilled Brazilians are increasingly finding opportunities to work in the USA, especially in the service sector (370,000 Brazilian born people living in USA)
- Strong links in education and teacher training, enhances job opportunities for future
Social and environmental links
USA
- USAID gives support to Brazil in many environmental projects, range from practical help such as training Xavante indigenous pole to protect their tribal lands from forest fire, to assisting Brazillian government in designing and implementing laws concerning forest governance and suitable forest management
Haiti
- Following earthquake of 2010 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012, number of immigrants grew from 1681 in 2010 to 11,072 in 2013, continues to rise as Haitian citizens attempt to escape country’s appealing human rights record, especially gender based violate, and poor access to education and healthcare
- Brazil helps to provide humanitarian aid and easy access for Haitians to immigrate to Brazil to reduce their vulnerability to trafficking networks
Role of the Afghan Government
- Joined the Economic Cooperation Organisation and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation to help promote economic growth
- Passed laws such as Law on the Duties and Structures of the Independent Elections Commission to help improve the democratic process and Elimination of Violence Against Women Law in 2009
- Shown engagement in local community projects, which proved to be very effective as local residents were the ones elected and formed their own plans and priorities for the areas in which they live
Significance of Afghan Government
- 2014 nearly 6 million children were attending school, 1 million in 2001
- Nearly 40% of those are girls
- Access to primary healthcare increased to over 50% of the population, 3% in 2003
- Life expectancy increased from 55 (2000) to 61 (2013)
- Taliban have assumed governmental control once again as of 2021, these developments being rapidly reversed
- Most notably in field of women’s rights, 80% of school aged women and girls are out of education
Role of International Aid
- United Nations created the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan
- Established by Security Council in 2002 to help achieve sustainable peace and development
- Aims to promote respect for international humanitarian and human rights laws
- Work toward equal rights for women, refugees and displaced persons (estimated 750,000)
Significance of International Aid
- Positive effects of international aid can be witnesses in Kabul, urban area
- UN Habitat is working to co-ordinate various effects to upgrade neighbourhoods in the 33 provincial capitals and Kabul
- Basis of these projects is the election of Community Development Councils (CDCs), each of which includes around 200-250 households
- CDCs locally elected and plans are submitted which reflect specific needs of the area, include upgrading of housing, infrastructure, electricity, sanitation, funding put into these plans by the UN
- Other benefits are improved engagement of women in projects, employment opportunities, improved roads
Role of Afghan Aid, an NGO
- Co-ordinates their project work with that of the UN and Afghan Government
- In 2023, they have reached 406,070 men, women and children with humanitarian aid, including emergency food parcels and cash assistance
- Supported 447,293 women to enhance their economic engagement, inclusion in local governance and full participation in community life
Significance of Afghan Aid
- Works in rural areas specifically (eg. Chaghcharan district Ghor) to co-ordinate donor funding, input of the Afghan government ad the work of local communities
- Introduced more effective agricultural practices, reduced risk of disease by securing safe water supplies and improved hygiene
Flows of money and investment into Toxteth
- Number of initiatives since 1980s, funding from Merseyside Development Corporation put toward generating employment and trade
- 1988 funding was put into large art museum, Tate Liverpool, employment and tourism
- EU funding from Structural and Investments Strategy Fund put into regeneration and reimaging to promote tourism and immigration, investment put into the city’s ’Low Carbon’ sector, many projects, including an offshore wind farm at Liverpool Bay which is the biggest in the EU
Flows of money and investment out of Toxteth
- 20th century, many in Toxteth worked in either the docks or industries linked with processing of goods imported through the docks
- Investment withdrawn from the area, moved further north + development of containerisation led to substantial unemployment
- Consequent poverty led to Toxteth riots in 1981, period of serious civil disturbance
