CPK Flashcards
What are the obligations in S.40 Arms Act on any person in possession of a firearm, airgun, pistol, or restricted weapon?
Shall, on demand, give his full name, address and date of birth to any member of police who is in uniform or who produces ID
What are police powers if any person fails to comply with the obligations under S.40 Arms Act?
May caution that person and if that person continues with failure or refusal, or gives false particulars, may arrest without warrant
What is the penalty for non-compliance with S.40 Arms Act?
3 Months or $1000 or both
What is the essence of S.66 Arms Act?
Occupier of land/building, or driver of vehicle, where firearms are found are deemed to be in possession of that firearm unless proved that not his property but the property of another
If apprehend a driver with a firearm in their vehicle, what is effect of S.66 Arms Act?
Driver deemed to be in possession of that firearm, unless he proves that it’s not his and it belongs to someone else
What were the grounds for quashing convictions in Hepi v R?
The presumption of possession can be rebutted by the defence proving, on the balance of probabilities, that the arms/ammunition was in the possession of someone else, and not the offenders.
Who may possess or carry police issued firearms?
Constables (as defined by S.4 policing Act 2008) and employees authorised to do so by the commissioner
What certifications are required for constables to carry firearms?
NZ Police First Aid certification and PITT certification for the firearm deployed
What risk assessment on the Tactical Options Framework justifies the carriage of firearms?
When the perceived cumulative threat assessment of a situation is that it is in, or likely to escalate to be within, the death/GBH range
Describe the six situations where firearms may be carried by a constable
1 When the perceived cumulative threat assessment of a situation is that it is in, or likely to escalate to be within, the death/GBH range
2 When on duty as:
AOS or STG
District Crime Squad
DPS
3 When performing:
Airport duties that are ‘security designated’
Guard/Escorts for valuables as authorised by District Commander
4 To destroy animals as per Stock at Large
5 Pursuant to operational instruction by Police Inspector or above
6 Training
If a constable decides to carry a firearm, who must he advise?
Immediate Supervisor AND Police Comms unless impracticable. In those cases, must advise at first reasonable opportunity
What other tactical option should be taken together with a firearm?
A Taser, if available
What key actions must be taken prior to deploying with firearms and after deployment?
Firearms register (POL369) must be completed at time of issue and return
When must ballistic body armour be worn?
MUST be worn when deploying to an incident where they believe firearms are present or could be present
Where must ballistic body armour be kept?
In patrol vehicles carrying police firearms and otherwise stored where firearms are kept for issue at stations
What are the only four purposes for which a police firearm may be used?
1 To defend themselves or others (S.48)
2 Arresting an offender (S.39)
3 Preventing escape (S.40)
4 Destroying animals
What three conditions must be satisfied before firing a police firearm at an offender?
1 They have first been asked to surrender (unless impractical and unsafe to do so)
2 It is clear they cannot be disarmed or arrested without first being shot
3 Further delay in apprehending the offender would be dangerous or impractical
What Act and Section describes Excess of Force?
S.62 Crimes Act 1961
State S.62 Crimes Act 1961
Everyone authorised to use force is criminally responsible for any excess, according to the nature and quality of that act that constitutes the excess
What is F061?
Fire Orders that are operationally specific instructions on the circumstances in which police employees may use firearms
What are the three sections of F061?
1 Minimum force to be used by police (S.62)
2 When can firearms be used? (S’s 48, 39 and 40)
3 Conditions to be satisfied before firing
What section of the Crimes Act deals with FORCE USED IN EXECUTING PROCESS OR ARREST?
s. 39
What is the essence of S.39 Crimes Act?
Where any person is justified in executing process or arrest, they are justified in using such force as is necessary to overcome resistance unless the process or arrest can be executed in a less violent manner. Only constable (or person assisting) may use force intended/likely to cause death/GBH
What section of the Crimes Act deals with PREVENTING ESCAPE OR RESCUE?
S.40
What is the essence of S.40 Crimes Act 1961?
Any person, with authority to arrest someone can use such force as may be necessary to prevent the escape of that other person or to prevent their rescue, unless that escape or rescue can be prevented by reasonable means in a less violent manner (Similar for prison escape)
What section of the Crimes Act deals with PREVENTION OF SUICIDE?
S.41
What is the essence of S.41 Crimes Act?
Everyone is justified in using such force is necessary to prevent the commission of suicide or any offence which likely to cause immediate and serious injury to the person or property of anyone, or any offence which, if committed, would amount to suicide
What section of the Crimes Act deals with SELF DEFENCE AND DEFENCE OF ANOTHER
S.48
What are the provisions of S.48 Crimes Act
Everyone is justified in using, in the defence of himself or another, such force as, in the circumstances as he believes them to be, it is reasonable to use
Which section of the Crimes Act 1961 states: EVERYONE AUTORISED BY LAW TO USE FORCE IS CRIMINALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY EXCESS, ACCORDING TO THE NATURE AND QUALITY OF THE ACT THAT CONSTITUTES THE EXCESS?
S.62
What’s the rule of thumb for the decision to use force?
Any force used must be the minimum necessary to achieve the objective, and reasonable under the circumstances
When deciding to fire at an offender, a constable does two things. What are they?
1 Takes their own observations into account
2 May also consider information from other people
What condition is required for a constable to claim self-defence when they open fire on an offender, and under what section?
Need to have reasonable cause to fear death or GBH to themselves or another person and could not otherise protect themselves or that person. S.48
What 5 actions are required when a constable has discharged a firearm?
1 If necessary, render first aid when safe to do so and contact emergency medical services
2 Mark the discharging employee’s position, empty cartridge case(s), bullet fragments, injured or deceased people, and any other items/people associated with the discharge
3 Preserve the cartridge case and, where possible, the bullet or bullet fragments
4 Secure the firearm and remaining rounds (NOT TO BE ALTERED AT ALL. MUST BE SECURED IN STATE IT WAS AT FIRING)
5 Advise immediate supervisor who will promptly advise District Commander..OR if discahrge unintentional, follow procedure for reporting and investigating UD’s
Does a UD require a tactical options report?
Yes
Does the District Commander need to be advised of a UD?
Yes, but by the supervisor
What is a UD?
1 Accidentally discharge of a firearm
2 Firearm malfunction causing discharge
3 Intentional discharge but unintentional result (eg training accident)
If a firearm is presented at a person but not discharged must a tactical options report be submitted?
Yes, apart from AOS/STG on ops, and in training
What four things is a supervisor responsible checking for when firearms are issued?
1 Check completion of firearms register (POL369) on issue and return
2 Check returned firearms are clean and are safe for immediate operational use
3 Check all firearms and ammunition are accounted for
4 Check no firearm or related equipment has been unnecessarily retained by anyone
Regarding TASER operation, when must a supervisor be notified?
As soon as practicable whenever a TASER is deployed
What 8 actions are required by a supervisor after an operational taser discharge or contact stun?
1 Attend scene asap, ensure proper aftercare and medical attention. In rural areas, nearest on duty supervisor must consult as to whether attendance required
2 Preserve and photograph scene weher believed this may be necessary or relevant for further enquiries
3 Ensure all evidence included discharged cartridges, wires, probes, and sufficient cartridge identification tags are recovered and secured
4 Determine whether Taser us was in accordance with instructions
5 Ensure operator completes details of all discharge and contact stun in the Taser register
6 Ensure operator, or individuals involved submit tactical options report
7 Ensure operator uploads incident into the Evidence.Com via Evidence Sync and categorises the data including the tactical options report and event detail for cross referencing
8 Inform district Taser co-ordinator outlining details of incident by internal email prior to going off duty
How many cartridge identification tags is evidentially sufficient?
4-5
What needs to be uploaded to Evidence.Com after a Taser discharge?
Incident details, TOR, and event number
What five steps need to be taken by a supervisor following an operational presentation, laser painting or arcing?
1 Determine whether Taser us was in accordance with instructions
2 Ensure operator completes details of all arcing in the Taser register
3 Ensure operator, or individuals involved submit tactical options report
4 Ensure operator uploads incident into the Evidence.Com via Evidence Sync and categorises the data including the tactical options report and event detail for cross referencing
8 Inform district Taser co-ordinator outlining details of incident by internal email prior to going off duty
What deaths MUST be reported to Police, and in turn, by Police to the Coroner?
1 Any death that appears without known cause, or suicide, or unnatural, or violent
2 A death for which no doctor has given a doctor’s certificate
3 A death that occurred during medical, surgical or dental treatment
4 Any death that occurred while the woman concerned was giving birth or that appears to have been the result of being pregnant or giving birth
5 Any death in official custody or care
What are the eight steps to be taken on attending a sudden death?
1 Check for signs of life. Consider rescuscitation, call ambulance, call their Dr if possible
2 Inform supervisor at earliest opportunity
3 If any suspicious call on duty CIB - Freeze, Guard, Preserve.
4 Duly qualified person makes verification of Death with written statement (before body is moved)
5 If deceased has been under treatment, attending Dr may issue a Medical Certificate of Causes of Death
6 If Cert issued, coroner not advised, Constable advises immediate family and ensure property secure. Any concerns, contact coroner.
7 determin if death must be reported to coroner, if so, immediately notify. Generally don’t move body before notifying
8 Complete deceased person notification to update all NIA and licensing and ensure ID cannot be taken in the future
What are the five steps of examining the body and the scene?
1 Consider factors that may cause a suspicion of a criminal act:
No apparent cause
poisoning, but no known motive for suicide
Body in burned building
Injury inconsistent with accident
Apparent suicide in unusual position
2 Note position of body and photograph if necessary
3 Note any/all factors that may explain death (body condition/medicines/items)
4 obtain particulars from witnesses exploring likelihood of any involvement either maliciously or innocently
5 If not suspicious, obtain statements (NOT NOTEBOOK) asap
If the family refuse to release a body and there is no doctors document, what actions can be taken?
1 Remove body (with warrant) and
2 Seize evidence (with warrant)
Before taking a body, what must be done?
Consult coroner and use all means of negotiation. Any warrant to be executed sensitively.
What three conditions need to be satisfied before a warrant can be applied for?
1 A coroner has given directions about the removal of the body
2 Reasonable grounds to believe the body is being held contrary to directions
3 Have used negotiation and other reasonable means to have the body released.
May use reasonable force to execute the warrant
What three steps must be taken if a person dies in custody?
1 Freeze the scene and ensure all evidence, including the charge sheet, is preserved
2 Advise supervisor who will:
- NOTIFY AND ARRANGE CIB ATTENDANCE
- ESTABLISH NATURE OF ENQUIRY REQUIRED
-INITIATE ANY ENQUIRY (IF ANY FORCE USED, A HOMICIDE ENQUIRY MUST BE COMMENCED)
- ENSURE DISTRICT COMMANDER IS INFORMED IMMEDIATELY
3 District Commander informs the National Manager Professional Standards
What section of the Policing Act 2008 allows the obtaining of identifying particulars?
S.32
What particulars can be obtained under S.32 policing Act 2008?
- Biographical details
- Photograph
- Fingerprints etc
What section of the Policing Act 2008 deals with the care and protection of intoxicated people?
S.36