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CPI > Cpi > Flashcards

Cpi Flashcards

1
Q

What are states?

A

Organizations that maintain a monopoly of violence over a territory.

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2
Q

Define politics

A

Views regarding the status quo in any society, specifically the desired pace and methods of political change.

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3
Q

What’s the difference between a state and a g ment

A

Government is the leadership or elite that operates the state.

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4
Q

What is an institution

A

A society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purposes

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5
Q

Attributes of strong states

A

States that perform the basic tasks of defending their borders from outside attacks and defending their authority from internal nonstate rivals.

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6
Q

Attributes of weak states

A

States that have trouble defending their borders and suffer from internal violence, poor infrastructure, and weak rule of law and ability to collect taxes.

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7
Q

What are the attributes of failed states?

A

Complete loss of legitimacy and power, and are overwhelmed by anarchy and violence.

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8
Q

Differences between unitary and federal states

A

Unitary states: Concentrate most political power in the national capital, allocating very little decision-making power to regions or localities.

Federal states: Power is divided between the central state and regional or local authorities (such as states, provinces, counties, and cities)

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9
Q

What is devolution

A

The process by which central states hand power down to lower levels of government.

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10
Q

What are. Political regimes

A

The norms and rules regarding individual freedom and collective equality, the locus of power, and the use of that power.

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11
Q

What are the differences between democratic and authoritarian regimes?

A

Democratic regimes: Rules that emphasize a large role for the public in governance and that protect basic rights and freedoms.

Authoritarian regimes: Limit the role of the public in decision making and often deny citizens basic rights and restrict their freedoms.

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12
Q

What are the attributes of the executive branch?

A

Law and policies

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13
Q

What are the responsibilities of the head of state?

A

Symbolizes and represents the people, both nationally and internationally, embodying and articulating the goals of the regimes.

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14
Q

What are the responsibilities of the head of government?

A

The individual who deals with the everyday tasks of running the state, such as formulating and executing policy.

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15
Q

Legislature

A

Makes the laws

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16
Q

• What is the difference between unicameral and bicameral legislatures?

A

Unicameral: single member chamber
Bicameral: two member chambers

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17
Q

Judicial review

A

The mechanism by which a court can review laws and policies and overturn those that are seen as violations of the state’s constitution.

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18
Q

What is the difference between abstract and concrete judicial review?

A

Abstract: allows courts to decide on questions that do not arise from actual legal cases, sometimes can occur even before legislation becomes law.
Concrete: allows the high court to rule on constitutional issues only on the basis of disputes brought before it.

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19
Q

Vote of no confidence

A

Legislative check on government whereby a government deems a measure to be of high importance, and if that measure fails to pass the legislature, either the government must resign in favor of another leader or new parliamentary elections must be called.

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20
Q

Semi presidential system

A

Prime minister approved by legislature and a directly elected president.

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21
Q

What are the differences between proportional representation systems (PR), multi-member district systems (MMD), and single-member district systems (SMD)?

A

PR: percentage of votes a party receives in a district determines how many of that district’s seats the party will gain.

MMD’s: districts in which more than one legislative seat is contested.

SSD’s: only one representative for each constituency and the candidate with the largest number of votes – not necessarily the majority – wins the seat.
•

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22
Q

What are the differences between a personal dictatorship, a military regime, and a one-party regime? (Give country examples)

A

Personal dictatorship: authoritarian regime that is based on the power of a single strong leader who usually relies on charismatic or traditional authority to maintain power. Ex: Hitler, Russia…

Military regime: Institution of the military dominates politics.

One party regime: Dominated by a strong political party able to create a broad membership as a source of political control.

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23
Q

What is a theocracy? What is political culture?

A

Theocracy: Authoritarian regime that has leaders who claim to rule on the behalf of god.

Political culture: Societal pattern of basic norms and politics.

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24
Q

National identity

A

The common set of political aspirations that bind citizens of a country together.

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25
Q

What is political attitude?

A

Views regarding the status quo in any society, specifically the desired pace and methods of political change.

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26
Q

• What are political ideologies?

A

Sets of political values regarding the fundamental goals of politics.

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27
Q

• What values make up a liberal ideology?

A

Evolutionary change within a system.

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28
Q

What values make up a conservative ideology?

A

Support the status quo and view change as risky.

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29
Q

• What is communism?

A

An ideology that places the emphasis on creating an economic equality instead of on individual political and economic freedoms.

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30
Q

• What is fascism?

A

An ideology that is hostile to the idea of individual freedom and rejects the notion of equality.

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31
Q

What is anarchism? What is inflation?

A

Anarchism: Believing that private property and capitalism lead to inequality, but, like liberals, anarchists place high value on individual political freedom.
Inflation: A situation of sustained rising prices.

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32
Q

• What is globalization?

A

The process of expanding and intensifying linkages among states, societies, and economies.
•
•

33
Q

What are multinational corporations?

.

A

Firms that produce, distribute, and market in more than one country

34
Q

What are nongovernmental organizations? What is an example?

A

National or international groups, independent of any state, that pursue policy objectives and foster public participation.

35
Q

• What are intergovernmental organizations?

A

Groups created by states to serve particular policy ends

36
Q

• What is Brexit?

A

Brexit is an abbreviation of “British exit” that mirrors the term Grexit. It refers to the possibility that Britain will withdraw from the European Union. The country will hold an in-out referendum on its EU membership on June 23.

37
Q

• What role does the prime minister play?

A

(Head of govt. or head of state?)

Head of government.

38
Q

• What is a revolution?

A

A forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.

39
Q

• What was the first constitution of the United States?

A

Articles of Confederation.

40
Q

• What are the Bill of Rights?

A

Ten amendments to the constitution passed by the first US congress in 1789.

41
Q

• What is the 13th Amendment?

A

The constitutional amendment that abolished slavery.

42
Q

• What is rule of law?

A

A principle that holds that all citizens are equal before the law and no one is above the law, including political leaders.

43
Q

• What are property rights?

A

Laws created by governments in regards to how individuals can control, benefit from and transfer property.

44
Q

• What is federalism?

A

A system in which significant state powers, such as taxation, law-making, and security are developed to regional or local bodies.
•

45
Q

What are separation of powers?

A

A system in which there are signification and independent sources of power within the executive, legislative, and judicial systems.

46
Q

• What is populism?

A

A key feature of US ideology, the idea that the masses should dominate elites and that the popular will should trump those with professional expertise.
•

47
Q

What is a primary?

A

Narrows the field of candidates before the election

48
Q

• What type of electoral system does the United States have?

A

Plurality system

49
Q

• What are regimes?

A

Norms and rules that govern politics.

50
Q

• What is a coup d’état?

A

Forceful and sudden overthrow of the government.

51
Q

• What is cohabitation?

A

An arrangement in which presidents lacking a majority of legislative power appoint an opposition prime minister who can gain a majority of support in the legislature.

52
Q

• What is code law? (or civil law?)

A

Law derived from detailed legal codes rather than from precedent.

53
Q

• Which best describes the legislative-executive relations in France?

A

Semi-presidential.

54
Q

• What are referenda?

A

a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

55
Q

What kind of regime did hitler have in Germany

A

Third reich- fascist totalitarianism regime

56
Q

• What are oligarchs?

A

Russian people noted for their control of large amounts of the Russian economy (including the media), their close ties to the government, and the accusations of corruption surrounding their rise to power.

57
Q

• What is a major source of attraction for followers of communism?

A

Promise of economic equality.

58
Q

• What is shock therapy?

A

A process of rapid marketization.

59
Q

• What is a theocracy?

A

Authoritarian regime that has leaders who claim to rule on the behalf of god.

60
Q

• What is one-party rule/system? (See also Ch. 1)

A

Dominated by a strong political party able to create a broad membership as a source of political control.

61
Q

• What are the major characteristics of the North American free trade agreement?

A

Tariff elimination, National treatment, secure market access.

62
Q

• What is free trade?

A

International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

63
Q

• What is the Federal Electoral Institute?

A

An independent agency that regulates elections in Mexico, created in 1996 to end decades of electoral fraud.

64
Q

What are patron-client relationships? How did the PRI use that strategy to stay in power?

A

Relationships in which powerful government officials deliver state services and access to power in exchange for the delivery of political support. Missing 43.

65
Q

• What is import substitution industrialization (see also India and Brazil for definitions)?

A

The political economic model followed during the authoritarian regime of the PRI, in which the domestic economy was protected by high tariffs in order to promote industrial growth.

66
Q

• What are maquiladora? What are their major characteristics?

A

Factories that import goods or parts to manufacture goods that are then exported.
•

67
Q

What is the informal sector (or informal economy)?

A

A sector of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state.

68
Q

• What are BRICS?

A

An organization of emerging developing countries that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

69
Q

• What is bureaucratic authoritarianism?

A

A form of authoritarian rule common in Latin America during the 1960s and 70s in which military leaders and civilian technocrats presided over conservative, anti-communist regimes.

70
Q

• What are favelas?

A

Brazil’s sprawling urban shantytowns.

71
Q

• What is a populist? Who is an example of a populist in Brazil?

A

A type of leader who appeals to the masses and attacks elements of the established elite, in Brazil, the term applies to Getulio Vargas.

72
Q

• What is state corporatism?

A

A political system in which citizens are encouraged to participate in state-controlled interest groups.

73
Q

• What are some of the attributes of the African National Congress?

A

South Africa’s major anti-apartheid liberation movement, and the governing party since the return of democracy in 1994.

74
Q

• What is the African Union?

A

An organization of African nations pursuing greater political and economic integration across the continent.

75
Q

• What is apartheid?

A

The policy of segregation put in place by the Afrikaner-dominated racist authoritarian regime in South Africa that was in power from 1948 – 1994.

76
Q

• Who was Nelson Mandela?

A

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

77
Q

• What is NEPAD?

A

The African Union program that attempts to tie foreign development aid to a commitment to democracy and the rule of law.

78
Q

SADC

A

A 13 member African regional economic and cooperation community, of which South Africa was a founding member.

CPI (1 decks)

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