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Term 4 > CPD > Flashcards

CPD Flashcards

1
Q

Frequency: Bell vs. diaphragm

A

Bell: low frequency
Diaphragm: high frequency

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2
Q

Opthalmascope: red vs. green

A

Red: near-sighted
Green: far-sighted

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3
Q

Normal temperatures: axilla, oral, rectal

A

Axilla: 97
Oral: 98
Rectal: 99

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4
Q

Pre-menopausal women have higher/lower temperature than post-menopausal women & men

A

Higher

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5
Q

Temperature is lower/higher in the AM

A

Lower

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6
Q

After ovulation, temperature is higher/lower than before

A

Higher

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7
Q

Pre-HTN

A

120-139 / 80-89

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8
Q

HTN Stage 1

A

140-159 / 90-99

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9
Q

HTN Stage 2

A

160+/100+

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10
Q

What does one report when reporting the pulse?

A

Little red riding hood always carries snacks

Location, rate (brady/tachy), rhythm (reg/reg irreg/irreg reg), character (amplitude 0-4, contour), symmetry

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11
Q

What are the 5 vital signs?

A

Pulse, BP, Respiration, Temperature, Pain

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12
Q

How does one describe the character of pulse?

A

Amplitude & Countour

0: absent, not palpable
1: diminished, barely palpable
2: normal (easily palpable)
3: increased (extremely easy to palpate)
4: bounding, exaggerated

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13
Q

What vessel do you use to describe the contour?

A

R carotid

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14
Q

Describe the contour of the pulse.

A

Upstroke, plateau, downstroke

U: normal pulse contour has smooth, rapid upstroke, rounded brief plateau, less rapid downstroke

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15
Q

How do you describe respirations?

A

Rate, rhythm, depth, effort, patterns/symmetry

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16
Q

The pain scale goes from: ___ to 10

A

0

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17
Q

The best temperature to take on children

A

Rectal

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18
Q

How often does one measure height/weight?

A

Initially on presentation
Annually with preventive services exam
Daily for CHF, ESRD, Cirrhosis

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19
Q

Describe the various BMI categories.

A 
Underweight: < 18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese 1: 30-34.9
Obese 2--severely: 35-39.9
Obese 3--morbidly: 40+
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20
Q

For children, how does percentile of weight translate into weight class?

A

Underweight: <5th percentile
Norm: 5th-85th percentile
Overweight: 85-95 percentile
Obese: 95th percentile

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21
Q

There are 7 disorders of gait

A
  1. Pain/antalgic
  2. Immotile joint–PF contraction, prolonged plaster
  3. Muscle weakness–Trendelenburg
  4. Spasticity
  5. Rigidity
  6. Ataxia
  7. Frontal gait disorder
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22
Q

A stomping gait is characteristic of…

A

tabes dorsalis

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23
Q

Describe the Trendelenburg gait.

A

Weak abductor function (G medius, minimus)

  • Abductors support the opposite pelvis during single limb stance
  • Pelvis drops to opposite side on walking
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24
Q

What is the waddle gait?

A

Bilateral trendelenburg

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25
Q

A weak gluteus maximus walks this way…

A

Center of gravity behind the hip

26
Q

When one has a weak quadriceps, how does s/he walk?

A

Hyperextension of knee; hand above the knee to support leg by preventing buckling

27
Q

Foot drop

A

Excessive flexion of the hip and knee during the swing phase to clear foot from floor; knee may be jerked high in an attempt to dorsiflex the ankle
* Uncontrolled slapping of forefoot as heel makes

28
Q

A hemiplegic presents with the arm, fingers…

A

flexed, fingers; internally rotated

29
Q

Puffy face and absent lateral eyebrow

A

Hypothyroidism

30
Q

Moon facies

A

Cushings

31
Q

Prognathism

A

Acromegaly

32
Q

Big toe cut in shoe

A

Gout

33
Q

United shoes

A

Pedal edema

34
Q

Odors can indicate…

A
  1. ETOH
  2. DKA
  3. SBO
  4. Uremia
  5. Liver dz
35
Q

Cap/scarf on head

A

Hides scalp disorders

36
Q

Migraine headache

A 
Migraines	Etiology: neuronal dysfunction
70% unilateral
Throbbing, aching, rapid onset (1-2 hrs)
Peak incidence: adolescence
15% women, 6% men
Monthly recurrence
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, aura
Aggravated: ETOH, food, stress
Relieve: quiet, sleep
36
Q

Migraine headache

A 
Migraines	Etiology: neuronal dysfunction
70% unilateral
Throbbing, aching, rapid onset (1-2 hrs)
Peak incidence: adolescence
15% women, 6% men
Monthly recurrence
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, aura
Aggravated: ETOH, food, stress
Relieve: quiet, sleep
37
Q

Tension headache

A 
Etiology: unclear
Tenderness peri-cranial muscles
Bilateral, generalized/localized to back of head
Steady, non-throbbing, mild-to-moderate
Gradual onset
30 minutes-7 days; episodic/chronic
± Photophobia
Massage/relaxation
37
Q

Tension headache

A 
Etiology: unclear
Tenderness peri-cranial muscles
Bilateral, generalized/localized to back of head
Steady, non-throbbing, mild-to-moderate
Gradual onset
30 minutes-7 days; episodic/chronic
± Photophobia
Massage/relaxation
38
Q

Cluster headache

A

Less than 1% prevalence (men > women)
Unilateral, behind/around eye, temple
Deep continuous severe pain, 3 hrs
Episodic, clustered in time with several attacks every day for 4-8 weeks
ANS: lacrimation, rhinorrhea, miosis, ptosis, edema eye
↑ sensitivity to ETOH

38
Q

Cluster headache

A

Less than 1% prevalence (men > women)
Unilateral, behind/around eye, temple
Deep continuous severe pain, 3 hrs
Episodic, clustered in time with several attacks every day for 4-8 weeks
ANS: lacrimation, rhinorrhea, miosis, ptosis, edema eye
↑ sensitivity to ETOH

39
Q

Angular chelitis

A

Angle of the mouth; fissures

Causes: ill-fitting dentures, absence of teeth, nutritional deficiencies (B2)

39
Q

Angular chelitis

A

Angle of the mouth; fissures

Causes: ill-fitting dentures, absence of teeth, nutritional deficiencies (B2)

40
Q

Herpes simplex

A

Painful, recurrent vesicles on the lips/surrounding areas

* Small cluster develops first, crust forms – 10-14 days to heal

40
Q

Herpes simplex

A

Painful, recurrent vesicles on the lips/surrounding areas

* Small cluster develops first, crust forms – 10-14 days to heal

41
Q

Lip carcinoma

A

Lower lip; scaly plaque (leukoplakia), ulcer, nodule

* Prolonged exposure to the sun

41
Q

Lip carcinoma

A

Lower lip; scaly plaque (leukoplakia), ulcer, nodule

* Prolonged exposure to the sun

42
Q

KS

A

Low grade vascular tumor; lesions deep purple in color, associated with HIV (HHV8)

42
Q

KS

A

Low grade vascular tumor; lesions deep purple in color, associated with HIV (HHV8)

43
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

Early sign of MEASLES

  • Small white spots that resemble grains of salt that appear on buccal mucosa near first and second molar teeth
  • Rash appears within 1 day
43
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

Early sign of MEASLES

  • Small white spots that resemble grains of salt that appear on buccal mucosa near first and second molar teeth
  • Rash appears within 1 day
44
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Thickened white plaque

* Chewing tobacco; can progress to carcinoma

44
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Thickened white plaque

* Chewing tobacco; can progress to carcinoma

45
Q

Gingival hypertrophy

A

Gums hypertrophied, red, cover teeth

* Puberty, pregnancy, leukemia, phenytoin (for epilepsy)

45
Q

Gingival hypertrophy

A

Gums hypertrophied, red, cover teeth

* Puberty, pregnancy, leukemia, phenytoin (for epilepsy)

46
Q

Hairy tongue

A

Brown/black elongated hairy papillae on dorsum of tongue; associated with Abx

46
Q

Hairy tongue

A

Brown/black elongated hairy papillae on dorsum of tongue; associated with Abx

47
Q

Hairy leukoplakia of the tongue

A

Affect sides of tongue; appear as white raised areas with a corrugated pattern; CANNOT be scraped off; associated with HIV/AIDS

47
Q

Hairy leukoplakia of the tongue

A

Affect sides of tongue; appear as white raised areas with a corrugated pattern; CANNOT be scraped off; associated with HIV/AIDS

48
Q

Apthous ulcer

A

Canker sore; Under the tongue, painful

* Oval/round, white in color, surrounded by halo of reddened mucosa; single/multiple

48
Q

Apthous ulcer

A

Canker sore; Under the tongue, painful

* Oval/round, white in color, surrounded by halo of reddened mucosa; single/multiple

Term 4 (3 decks)

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