Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPCE > CPCE > Flashcards

CPCE Flashcards

1
Q

Erik Erikson’s stages of development are

A

Psychosocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eco psychologists

A

Believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A

Focus on unconscious processes rather than cognitive factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychoanalyst that created a developmental theory which encompassed the entire lifespan

A

Erik Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach stages

A

Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Notion that a substance’s weight, mass, and volume stay the same even if it changes shape

A

Conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Children master conservation and concept of reversability during

A

Concrete stage (7-11)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A system which permits the child to test out things in the physical world

A

Schema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who disagreed with Piaget’s notion that developmental stages take place naturally?

A

Lev Vygotsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who insisted that the stages unfold due to educational intervention.

A

Lev Vygotsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

one can undo an action, hence an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape.

A

Reversability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

conveys the fact that the child cannot view the world from the vantage point of someone else.

A

Egocentrism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kohlberg’s theory has three levels of moral development:

A

preconventional, conventional, and post-conventional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The term identity crisis comes from the work of

A

Erik Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Erikson’s final stage of development

A

Integrity vs. despair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who was the zone of proximal development pioneered by

A

Lev Vygotsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

She difference between a child’s performance without a teacher versus that which he or she is capable of with an instructor

A

Zone of proximal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which psychoanalysts were maturationists

A

Freud and Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Suggests that behavior is guided exclusively via hereditary factors, but that certain behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment

A

Maturation Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with

A

Bonding and attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The researcher who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is

A

Harry Harlow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stages

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the general U.S. population

A

Suicide rates increase with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Attachment evolves

A

Primarily during the oral stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nature refers to

A

Hereditery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nurture refers to

A

Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Stage theorists assume

A

Qualitative changes between stages occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A continuous process that begins at contraception

A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

Head to foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The portion of a trait that can be explained via genetic factors

A

Heritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Kohlberg list________ stages of moral development

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development fall into ______ levels

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Punishment/obedience orientation and stage 2: naïve hedonism (also called instrumental or egotistic) orientation

A

Preconventional with stage 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Good boy/good girl orientation and stage 4: authority, law, and order orientation. This entire level is often known as “morality of conventional rules and conformity.”

A

Conventional with stage 3 and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Democratically accepted law or “social contract” and stage 6: principles of self-conscience and universal ethics.

A

Post-conventional with stage 5 and 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Is the stage in which fantasies of sexual relations with the opposite-sex parent occur and happens during the phallic stage

A

Oedipus Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Oedipus complex in girls is called

A

The Electra Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Any psychological process which cannot be directly observed

A

Covert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The client is exposed to an actual situation which might prove frightful or difficult

A

In vivo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Behavior therapy techniques that help to ameliorate anxiety reactions

A

Desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Eleanor Gibson researched the matter of depth perception in children by utilizing

A

An apparatus known as the visual cliff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Theorists who believe that development consists of quantitative changes

A

Empiricists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What grew out of the philosophy of John Locke in the 1600s and is sometimes referred to as associationism.

A

Empiricism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

An empiricist view of development would be

A

Behavioristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What position holds that developmental strides are qualitative?

A

Organicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The schema (i.e., a mental representation of the real world) of permanency and constancy of objects occurs in the

A

The sensorimotor stage (age birth-2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Focusing on a key feature of a given object or situation while not noticing the rest of it.

A

Centration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Research utilizing animals

A

Ethology

50
Q

Laboratory research using animals and attempts to generalize the findings to humans.

A

Comparative psychology

51
Q

Which stage includes the acquisition of a symbolic schema?

A

Piaget’s preoperational

52
Q

Wproposed developmental tasks for infancy and early childhood?

A

Robert Havinghurst

53
Q

BASIC-ID stands for

A

Behavior, affective responses, sensations, imagery, cognitions, interpersonal relationships, and drugs

54
Q

Which theorist was most concerned with maternal deprivation?

A

Harry Harlow

55
Q

who pioneered the technique of systematic desensitization?

A

Joseph Wolpe

56
Q

Which theorist would be most likely to say that aggression is an inborn tendency?

A

Konrad Lorenz

57
Q

A time when an organism is susceptible to a specific developmental process.

A

Critical period

58
Q

Imprinting—rapid learning during a critical period of development—is an instinct in which a newborn will follow a moving object. The primary work in this area was done by

A

Konrad Lorenz

59
Q

Kegan suggests six stages of life span development:

A

incorporative, impulsive, imperial, interpersonal, institutional, and interindividual.

60
Q

the balance between what one takes in (assimilation) and that which is changed (accommodation).

A

Equilibration

61
Q

Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement?

A

Berne

62
Q

Who was the father of transactional analysis?

A

Eric Berne

63
Q

The three factors which enhance interpersonal attraction are:

A

Close proximity, physical attraction, and similar beliefs

64
Q

Behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs.

A

Contextualism

65
Q

The frustration-aggression theory is associated with

A

John Dollard and Neal Miller

66
Q

A popular cognitive consistency or balance theory in social psychology is ________ cognitive dissonance theory

A

Festinger

67
Q

What describes correct, normal, or habitual behavior.

A

Folkways

68
Q

What are beliefs and social customs regarding the rightness or wrongness of behavior.

A

Mores

69
Q

Social exchange theory postulates that

A

a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs.

70
Q

Which theory predicts that the person will look for things which are consistent with his or her behavior.

A

Cognitive dissonance theory

71
Q

The emotional content of a word, which is different from the true or dictionary definition.

A

Connotation

72
Q

Who was the father of logotherapy?

A

Viktor Frankl

73
Q

Emic

A

is a “culture-specific” perspective, from the word phonemic meaning sounds in a particular language

74
Q

Etic

A

derived from the term phonetic referring to sounds that remain the same in any language.

75
Q

Autoplastic

A

change comes from the self such as thoughts and behaviors

76
Q

Alloplastic

A

conceptualization is that the client can cope best by changing or altering external factors in the environment

77
Q

What is when persons of a cultural heritage retain their traditions and differences, yet cooperate in regard to social, political, and economic matters.

A

Cultural pluralism

78
Q

What is topography

A

Mapping

79
Q

The executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle

A

Ego

80
Q

Pleasure priniciple

A

Id

81
Q

Ego Ideal

A

Superego

82
Q

The person acts the opposite of the way he or she actually feels.

A

Reaction Formation

83
Q

Who emphasized the drive for superiority.

A

Adler

84
Q

The personality types of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are associated with the work

A

Carl Jung

85
Q

The word eclectic is most closely associated with

A

Frederick Thorne

86
Q

Skinner’s operant conditioning is also referred to as

A

Instrumental learning

87
Q

Who’s name was associated with Little Albert?

A

John B. Watson

88
Q

The first studies, which demonstrated that animals could indeed be conditioned to control autonomic processes, were conducted by

A

Neal Miller

89
Q

Who is very well known for his creation of a five-point scale intended to measure empathy, genuineness, concreteness, and respect.

A

Robert Carkhuff

90
Q

LPB

A

Low probability behavior

91
Q

HPB

A

High probability behavior

92
Q

Based on time

A

Interval

93
Q

The reinforcement always takes place after a fixed time or number of responses,

A

Fixed

94
Q

An average number of responses or times may be used

A

Variable

95
Q

What is the act of practicing a behavior in a counseling session that can be beneficial in the client’s life

A

Behavioral rehearsal

96
Q

relaxation training, construction of anxiety hierarchy, desensitization in imagination, and in vivo desensitization.

A

Systematic desensitization

97
Q

What is behavioral sex therapy.

A

Sensate focus

98
Q

Existentialists speak of three worlds, the Umwelt or the ________ world, the Mitwelt or the ________ world, and the Eigenwelt or the ________ world.

A

Physical, relationship, identity

99
Q

Who is the father of reality therapy?

A

William Glasser

100
Q

Who created rational behavioral therapy?

A

Maxie Maultsby

101
Q

The philosopher most closely related to REBT would be

A

Epictetus

102
Q

The cognitive therapist most closely associated with the concept of stress inoculation treatment is

A

Donald Meichenbaum

103
Q

Unpleasant feelings after a person creates a game are called

A

Rackets

104
Q

What is the act of doing to yourself what you really wish to do to someone else?

A

Retroflection

105
Q

Perls suggested ________ which must be peeled away to reach emotional stability.

A

5 layers of neurosis

106
Q

Individual is good and moves toward growth and self-actualization.

A

Rogers (Person-centered)

107
Q

Messages learned about self in childhood determine whether person is good or bad, though intervention can change this script.

A

Berne (Transactional Analysis)

108
Q

Deterministic; people are controlled by biological instincts; are unsocialized, irrational; driven by unconscious forces such as sex and aggression.

A

Freud (Psychoanalysis)

109
Q

People have a cultural/biological propensity to think in a disturbed manner but can be taught to use their capacity to react differently.

A

Ellis (REBT)

110
Q

People are not bad or good. People have the capacity to govern life effectively as “whole.” People are part of their environment and must be viewed as such.

A

Perls (Gestalt)

111
Q

Individuals strive to meet basic physiological needs and the need to be worthwhile to self and others. Brain as control system tries to meet needs.

A

Glasser (Reality therapy)

112
Q

Man is basically good; much of behavior is determined via birth order.

A

Adler (Individual psychology)

113
Q

Man strives for individuation or a sense of self-fulfillment.

A

Jung (Analytic)

114
Q

Humans are like other animals: mechanistic and controlled via environmental stimuli and reinforcement contingencies; not good or bad; no self-determination or freedom.

A

Skinner (Behavior modificiation)

115
Q

Person produces and is a product of conditioning. Observation and modeling are extremely important.

A

Bandura (Neobehavioristic)

116
Q

Existential view is that humans are good, rational, and retain freedom of choice.

A

Frankl (Logotherapy)

117
Q

Through education and scientific data, man can become himself. Humans are born with potential for good or evil. Others are needed to help unleash positive potential. Man is mainly rational, not intuitive.

A

Williamson (Trait and Factor)

118
Q

Allen E. Ivey has postulated three types of empathy:

A

basic, subtractive, addititve

119
Q

Counselor’s response is on the same level as the client’s.

A

Basic empathy

120
Q

The counselor’s behavior does not completely convey an understanding of what has been communicated.

A

Subtractive empathy

121
Q

The most desirable since it adds to the client’s understanding and awareness.

A

Additive empathy

122
Q

The human relations core for effective counseling includes

A

Empathy, positive regard and genuineness

CPCE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions