CPCA & CPCM Exams Flashcards
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Originally published by ECR sub-committee in US late 1980s
8 Step Category Management Process
Distinctly - measurable and manageable grouping of products that are interrelated and substitutable
Category
Collaborative effort between trading partners (retailers and manufacturers) to optimize the development of total category volume and profit
Category Management Process
Assigned to categories that are high impulse purchases and low volume generators for retailer
Convenience Role
Assigned to most important categories for the retailer. Typically targeted to categories with large dollar sales, high household penetration, high purchase frequency
Destination Role
Category Management was formally defined in the US as a result of this joint industry project
ECR (Efficient Consumer Response)
1) Definition
2) Role
3) Assessment
4) Score Card
5) Strategies
6) Tactics
7) Implementation
8) Review
8 Steps in the Category Management Process
Most influential trading partner in Category Management
Retailer
Assigned to categories that are part of the customer’s regular shopping pattern once they have entered the store. Assigned to categories with high household penetration
Routine Role
Assigned to categories that are available at specific times of year or are more predominant at certain times of the year
Seasonal Role
The focal point of category management
Shopper
Total store sales for a store or group of stores
ACV (All-Commodity Volume)
Total cost of the products paid by Retailer to prepare them for sale in the store
COGS (Cost Of Goods Sold)
Manufacturer ships products directly to retail stores
DSD (Direct Store Delivery)
Pricing strategy where there is an everyday low price with little to no feature pricing
EDLP (Every Day Low Price)
An inventory profitability measure commonly used by retailers
GMROI (Gross Margin Return On Investment)
Measurable value that organizations use to evaluate overall success at reaching targets
KPI (Key Performance Indicators)
When the product has no stock left on the shelf, resulting in lost sales and upset shoppers
OOS (Out Of Stock)
A shelving schematic
POG (Planogram)
In-store merchandising materials used to catch shoppers’ attention
POP (Point of Purchase)
Retailers front-end cash register that scans products purchased and stores the information in a database
POS (Point Of Sale)
Tool that captures strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that tie in with results of a category or business review
SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat)
Price of an item that is reduced from it’s everyday regular price, usually some type of promotion
TPR (Temporary Price Reduction)
Retail industry scenario driven by growth of new store formats, new ways to increase consumer spending through new categories and services, new items beyond typical assortment with a channel, and to meet a changing shopper
Blurred Channel
Channel with typically lower operating expenses and less overhead (with primarily large size offerings) so prices are generally lower
Club Channel
Channel that offer low prices on certain items and in some categories with a wide variety of merchandise but a limited assortment. Attracts all income levels with their $1 price points
Dollar Stores
Walmart was one of the first retailers to launch this initiative to create a value proposition for shoppers
EDLP (Every Day Low Price)
Channel with typically higher operating expenses than other channels, resulting in lower margins and/or higher prices than other channels
Grocery Channel
A shopper’s primary concerns that drive their shopper purchase decisions
Quality, Value, Convenience
The phenomenon when a product is segmented and transformed into niche products in order to offer Shoppers more apparent choices to drive up the sales of the product
SKU/Item Proliferation (Rapid Increase In Numbers)
A solution for Retailers to address differences related to size, geography, and Shopper needs
Store Clustering
The most important retail in-store factors that are affected by increased product assortment
Variety, placement, and space
A price that reflects units sold with and without any type of discount
Average Price
Retail pricing strategy to balance lower margins required on more price-sensitive products with higher margin prodcts to achieve category margin objectives
Blended Margin Strategy
((Non-promoted price - promoted price) / Non-promoted price)*100
Level Of Discount
Products whose sales are not affected with an increase in price have this
Low Elasticity
A price that reflects the average product price in retail stores when any merchandising condition (including feature, display, price reduction) was in effect
Promoted price
EDLP, High/Low, Frequent shopper pricing, Hybrid Pricing
Retail Pricing Strategies
The most valuable data source to help Retailers set item level pricing
Weekly point of sales data
Modelled or estimated sales results based on algorithms
Baseline and Incremental sales
The normal expected sales volume in the absence of any promotion
Baseline sales
Establishes if there is a relationship between unit sales and price
Correlation analysis
The retail practice of marketing or displaying products from different categories together to generate additional revenue for the store
Cross Merchandising
Key drivers of incremental sales volume
Display, TPR, Promotions
An analysis that compares $ share to tactical shares for a given product group (e.g. share of shelf, share of items,share of promotion, share of display)
Fair Share Analysis
The activity referred to when a product is promoted in a weekly newspaper or in store circular or flyer
A feature or promotion
A measure used to indicate an increase in product sales volume due to some type of tactical activity
Lift
Refers to sales generated during the presence of any type of promotional activity (feature, display, TPR)
Promoted Sales
Lift, incremental sales, subsidized volume, profit
Promotional Effectiveness Measures
Quantifies the impact of pricing changes on volume
Regression analysis
The difference between incremental sales and promoted sales
Subsidized volume
A measure used to assess product availability in retail outlets based on weighted distribution of stores
ACV Distribution
The opposite effect of incremental contribution
Cannibalization
A combination of several metrics, such as dollar sales and unit sales, which provide an overview of a product’s true impact on a category
Combined performance index
Sales growth strategy where a retailer operates in one or only a few segments of the larger market, following a niche strategy with one brand
Concentrated market coverage strategy
Sales growth strategy where several niche markets or population segments are targeted with different products for each niche or segment
Differentiated Market Coverage Strategy
Helps to define which products to carry in assortment analysis and rules out products that are not substitutable
Focus Market
Numerically identifies the benefit of adding a particular item to a particular category assortment based on cannibalization
Incremental contribution
Gives a visual representation of SKU rationalization using market coverage results based on cumulative % of sales plotted on a line chart. On average, 20% of category items generate 80% of category sales
Pareto Analysis
Assortment changes should be incorporated into these once the changes have been approved
Planograms
First to market, market coverage objectives, broad assortment, private label strategy
Retail Assortment Strategies
The process of identifying poor performance items that should be deleted from the product assortment to improve category sales
SKU Rationalization
A measure used to assess product availability in retail outlets based on the number of retail outlets (store count) that carry an item
% stores carrying
A sales growth strategy where a retailer ignores segmentation variables and go after the whole market with one brand
Undifferentiated market coverage strategy
Includes promotional in-store and circular activity gathered by field staff used to compile syndicated scanner data
Audit data
The two data sources that comprise syndicated scanner data
Audit data and scanner data
The projected sales in a given time period that would have sold without any type of promotion
Baseline sales
Product distribution, new items, regular price, shelf space
Baseline sales drivers
An analytic approach that starts at a topline level (e.g. total category, total market) and then drill down into lower levels (e.g. segments, channels, different time periods)
Drilling down
Display, flyer/promotion activity, TPR or price reductions
Incremental sales drivers
Region of the USA that has the lowest syndicated data coverage versus other regions
Northwest Region
The most important source of data used in category management
Retail scanned data
Item $ sales / distribution (weighted or % of stores carrying). Equalizes sales between items with different levels of distribution and highlights distribution opportunities
Sales per point of distribution
( Distribution target x $ SPPD for Item A) - $ sales for Item A
Sales per point of distribution opportunity gap
Point-of-sale data gathered from Retailers used to compile syndicated scanner data
Scanner Data
Total product group category $ share / # of items in product group. Calculates the average productivity across product groups.
Share per SKU or share per item
Sales data compiled across multiple Retailers across a variety of distribution channels
Syndicated Scanner Data
Areas to drill into to get a better understanding of data results
Time, product, geography, and measures
Baseline Sales + Incremental Sales
Total Sales
How much the consumer spends on their total basket when a particular product is included in their purchase
Average Basket Ring or Market Basket Analysis
Purchase frequency x $ per Purchase
Buying Rate Formula
An important shopper group to understand because they represent a small % of buyers but usually make up a majority of the sales volume
Heavy Buyers
The percentage of households that purchased a product group (brand or category)
Household Penetration
Loss of volume to other channels or retailers
Leakage
A shopper group that usually doesn’t purchase as much ($) or as frequently as Heavy Buyers
Light Buyers
Product loyalty, retailer loyalty, consumer purchase behavior, consumer demographics
Panel data can measure…
Total product group buyers / total category buyers
Penetration formula
The number of times the product group has been purchased over the time period
Purchase Frequency
Measures how a product group satisfies a consumer’s category needs. Also referred to as product loyalty
Share of Requirements or Share of Wallet
Gathered from statistically reliable panels of consuming households that scan or record their purchases and for which they are compensated
Syndicated Panel Data