CP - Written Midterm Flashcards
What are our primary tools to assess patients
- eyes
2. hands
__________ posture pattern is a pattern that alternates in direction from area to area
Compensate
The most common observed pattern is: ___ ____ _____ ____ is the CoC1 joint
left- right - left- right
___________ posture pattern is a patter that doesn’t alternate
uncompensate
_________ patters arise from trauma, represent neg. adaptive modifications. Adaptation potential is minimal or absent.
uncompensated
Hypertonic refers to a muscle that is usually _______ and has a ________ threshold
shorterened , lowered threshold
- it will contract sooner/ faster
hypotonic refers to a muscle that is ______ and has a ________ threshold
lengthened, raised
- it will contract slower or not at all
- other muscles will help
synergist muscles help a ___________ muscle
hypotonic
List the muscles prone to HYPERactivity (18)
- gastroc, soleus
- tibialis posterior
- hip adductors
- Medial & lateral Hamstring
- Rectus femoris
- Iliopsoas
- Tensor fascia latae
- QL
- piriformis
- Erector Spinae group
- Latissimus dorsi
- C/S extensors
- upper traps
- levator scapulae
- SCM
- Suboccipitalis
- arm flexors
18 scalenes
“Tightness-Weakness” syndrome
Hypertonic (short) and weak
- contractile components have decreased extensibility
- Fascia and CT have decreased extensibility
RX for “Tightness-weakness” syndrom
- Increase visco-elasticity
- First : lengthen muscle & decrease TrPts
- Last: then Strengthen
Prone to HYPO-activity muscles (12)
- Peronei
- Tibialis anterior
- Vastus Medialis
- Vastus Lateralis
- Gluteal
- Rectus Abdominis
- Serratus anterior
- Traps, lower and middle
- deep cervical flexors
- Upper limb extensors
- scalenes
- rhomboids
Name the primary postural muscles (11)
- Soleus
- Gastroc
- tib ant
- HS
- Rectus femoris
- Iliopsoas
- Gmax
- Rectus Abd., intern/exten oblique
- Sacrospinalis
- Trap & rhomoids
- Mutifidus, spinal rotators, interspinales and transversaries
Soleus (hyper/hypo)
hyper
gastroc (hyper/hypo)
hyper
tib ant (hyper/hypo)
hypo
Hamstring (hyper/hypo)
hyper
Rectus femoris (hyper/hypo)
hyper
Iliopsoas(hyper/hypo)
hyper
Glut max (hyper/hypo)
hypo
rectus abdominus, int. & ext. oblique (hyper/hypo)
hypo
sacrospinalis (hyper/hypo)
hypo
Trap (hyper/hypo)
middle and lower are hypo
upper: hyper
Rhomoids (hyper/hypo)
hypo
Multifidus, spinal rotators, interspinales, transversaries (hyper/hypo)
hyper
What is the main difference btw tonic and phasic muscles
Tonic: low levels of conti contraction
Phasic: contract faster, are for movement
Separation of O & I will show that the muscle has ___________
Weakness
Approximation of O & I will show that the muscle has __________
shortness
Predominantly stabilizing muscles will ______ when stressed
Shorter
Predominantly phasic muscles will ______ when stressed
weak
______ _______ to ____ _____ decribes what happens as tissue adapt to imposed tasks and loads, when particular responses are called for
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands
Define Specific adaptation to imposed demands
what happens as tissue adapts to imposed tasks and loads, when particular responses are called for
Name the muscles that shorten/ tighten during Upper Cross syndrome
Pec major and minor
Upper trap
Levator scap
SCM
Name the muscles that elongate during upper cross syndrome
Lower and middle trap
Serratus anterior
Rhomboid
Deep neck flex
Name the muscles and if they shorten or lengthen in Upper Cross syndrom
Shorten: Pec major and minor Upper trap Levator scap SCM
Weaken: Lower and middle trap Serratus anterior Rhomboid Deep neck flex
Name some consequences of Upper cross syndrome
- C0-C1 hyperextended = forward head carriage
- Lower C/s and upper T/s will be stressed
- Rotation/ abd of scap
- altered access of glenoid fossa
- TMJ problems
- inappropriate breathing fxn
- fibrotic changes and TrPts
Muscles that shorten/ tighten and weaken during Lower cross syndrome
Hip flexors: iliopsoas, rectus femoris, TFL, adductors
- Erector spinae group
- QL
- Piriformis
Muscles that weaken
- Abdominal
- Gluteals
muscles that get short and tight during lower cross syndrome
Piriformis
rectus femoris
adductors
QL
Muscles that weaken during lower cross syndrome
Abdominal
gluteal
Consequences of lower cross syndrome
- anterior pelvis tilt
- increased lumbar lordosis - stress at L5-S1
- decreased trunk/ spinal stability
- instability at T/L jxn
Layer syndrome: name the hyper/hypotonic muscles
hyper:
C/s erector spinae
upper trap
levator scap
thoracolumbar erector spinae
HS (in lower cross HS aren’t tight)
Hypo:
Rhomoids
Mid/lower trap
Serratus anterior
Lumbosacral erector spinae
Gmax
Stance phase is ______ % during gait
60
heel strike , flat food, mid-stance, heel off, toe off
Swing phase is _______% during gait
40%
acceleration, mid swing, deceleration
Normal end feel is _____
springy
_____ ______ is deiscrete, short range movements of a joint
end feel
_____ ______ ______ occurs when patient has maximally contracted the muscle controlling a particular motion
active E.R
_____ _____ ____ occurs when another person passively moves a joint from active end range through joint range
passive end range
______ _____ _____ is a range that occurs btw the Passive end range and anatomical limit of the joint
Paraphysiological space
where a chiro adjustment occurs
____ ____ _____ the anatomical barrier is the limit of anatomic integrity
Anatomic end range
_____ law states that deformation (resulting from strain) imposed on an elestic body is in proportation to the stress (force/load) placed on it; so long as the limit of elasticity of the body is not exceeded
Hooke’s law
Define Hookes law
deformation (resulting from strain) impoed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress (force/load) placed on it
_____ is a change in shape as a result of stress
strain
____ conti deformation (increase strain) of a tissue over time under a constant load
creep
Define Creep
An increase in strain over time from a constant load
______ law states that tissue deform in relation to the lines of force imposed on them
Wolff’s Law
Define Wolffs law
Tissue deform in relation to the lnes of force imposed on them
_______ insufficiency of a muscle is when full ROM is limited by the angonist muscle length
Passive
The limiting factor in passive insufficiency of a muscle is when full ROM is limited by _________ muscle length
antagonist
________ insufficiency refers to lack of agonist muscle strength
Active
Active insufficiency is due to the lack of _______ muscle strength
Agonist
Name the 5 grades of mobilization
I. SHORT amp. at the beg. of the range
II. LARGE amp. movement performed with in the resistance free range
III. LARGE amp. performed into resistance
IV. SHORT amp. within resistance
V. Manipulation at end ROM
describe a chiro adjustment
High velocity, low amp.
To remove Chiropractice subluxations means
to remove the structural dysfunctions of joints and muscles that are associate with neurologic alternations
