CP Midterm

Question 1

Location of presynaptic neurons of sympathetic NS

Answer 1

Interomediolateral cell column of spinal cord

T1-L2(3)

Question 2

Intermediolateral column of spinal cord

Answer 2

Neurons of presynaptic sympathetic nervous system
T1-L2(3)

Neurons of presynaptic parasympathetic nervous system S2-S4

Question 3

Location of presynaptic neurons of PNS

Answer 3

Brainstem — Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X

Sacral spinal cord — Intermediolateral cell column in S2-S4

Question 4

Bronchopulmonary segment supplied by ______ bronchi

Answer 4

Tertiary bronchi

Question 5

Respiratory bronchioles supply _____

Answer 5

Pulmonary acinus

Question 6

Segmentation of bronchial tree

Answer 6

Trachea - Primary bronchi - Secondary bronchi (within parenchyma; 3 to R lung and 2 to L lung) - Tertiary bronchi (supply bronchopulmonary segment) - Bronchiole (ciliated columnar epithelium; no cartilage) - Terminal bronchiole (clara cells; ciliated cuboidal epithelium; no goblet cells) - Respiratory bronchiole - Alveolar ducts - Alveolar sacs - Alveoli

Question 7

At what level of the bronchopulmonary tree is cartilage lost?

Answer 7

Bronchiole

Question 8

A loss of cartilage at the level of ______ is replaced by ______

Answer 8

Loss of cartilage at bronchioles; replaced by elastic fibers

Question 9

Location of lymphatic vessels in lung

Answer 9

Visceral pleura

Question 10

Conducting portion of respiratory system ends w/ ______

Answer 10

Conducting portion ends with terminal bronchioles (clara cells; ciliated cuboidal epithelium, no goblet cells)

Question 11

_____ contain cartilaginous plates

Answer 11

Primary bronchi to tertiary bronchi contain cartilaginous plates

Question 12

Ciliated cuboidal epithelium

Answer 12

Terminal bronchioles

Question 13

Terminal bronchiole histology

Answer 13

Ciliated CUBOIDAL epithelium w/ CLARA cells and LITTLE TO NO goblet cells; 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in lamina propria

Supply pulmonary lobule

Question 14

Goblet cells disappear at the level of _____

Answer 14

Terminal bronchioles

Question 15

Ciliated COLUMNAR epithelium; extensive smooth muscle and elastic fibers in lamina propria; no submucosa

Answer 15

Bronchiole

No cartilage

Question 16

Bronchiole histology

Answer 16

Ciliated COLUMNAR epithelium; extensive smooth muscle and increasing elastic fibers in lamina propria; no submucosa; no cartilage

Question 17

Clara cells

Answer 17

Produce surfactant proteins
Involved in regeneration of bronchiole epithelium after injury

Found in epithelium of terminal bronchioles (ciliated cuboidal epithelium)

Question 18

Clara cells found in _____

Answer 18

Ciliated cuboidal epithelium of terminal bronchioles

Question 19

Bronchiole epithelium

Answer 19

COLUMNAR and ciliated

Question 20

Clara cell histology

Answer 20

Dome shaped with granular cytoplasm
Found in terminal bronchioles
Secrete components of surfactant

Question 21

Aggregates of smooth muscle, collagen, elastic fibers; found at junction of alveolar ducts

Answer 21

Alveolar rings

Question 22

Alveolar rings are aggregates of ______

Answer 22

Elastic fibers
Smooth muscle
Collagen

Found at junction of alveolar ducts

Question 23

2+ clusters of alveoli

Answer 23

Alveolar sacs

Question 24

Type II pneumocytes

Answer 24

Rounded cells found in simple squamous epithelium of alveoli
Secrete surfactant
60% of cells in alveolar epithelium

Question 25

Type I pneumocytes

Answer 25

Closely associated with capillaries in alveoli — synthesize basal lamina for gas exchange Cover 90% of alveolar surface

Question 26

Alveolar macrophages

Answer 26

Dust cells

Question 27

Cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes

Answer 27

Lamellar bodies containing granules of pulmonary surfactant

Question 28

Dual basal lamina of alveoli synthesized by ____

Answer 28

Type I pneumocytes and endothelial cells

Question 29

Lungs do not occupy ____

Answer 29

Lungs do not occupy pleural recesses

Question 30

Costal and mediastinal parietal pleura become continuous posteriorly

Answer 30

Vertebral reflection

Question 31

Costal and mediastinal parietal pleura become continuous anteriorly

Answer 31

Sternal reflection

Question 32

Costal and diaphragmatic pleura become continuous inferiorly

Answer 32

Costal reflection

Question 33

Sequence of lymphatic drainage

Answer 33

``` Pulmonary nodes Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes Tracheobronchial nodes Tracheal nodes Right and left bronchomediastinal trunks ```

Question 34

Sensory innervation to the lower respiratory tract provided by _____

Answer 34

CN X Vagus

Question 35

Sensory innervation of lower respiratory tract: Stretch receptors, irritant receptors, tactile receptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

Answer 35

Stretch receptors in alveoli and smooth muscle Irritant receptors in respiratory epithelium Tactile receptors for cough reflex Baroreceptors in pulmonary arteries Chemoreceptors in pulmonary veins

Question 36

Sympathetic stimulation of lower respiratory tract smooth muscles and glands

Answer 36

Inhibit glandular secretion Vasoconstriction of bronchial vessels Dilation of bronchial tubes

Question 37

Parasympathetic stimulation of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle and glands

Answer 37

Increase glandular secretion Vasodilate bronchial vessels Constrict bronchial tubes

Question 38

Left Dominant Heart: Posterior Interventricular artery arises from ____

Answer 38

Circumflex branch of L coronary artery

Question 39

Determination of heart dominance

Answer 39

Coronary artery (R or L) that forms posterior interventricular artery

Question 40

Blood supply to AV bundle and majority of IV septum

Answer 40

Left coronary artery

Question 41

Blood supply to AV and SA nodes

Answer 41

Right coronary artery

Question 42

Blood supply to pericardium

Answer 42

Pericardiophrenic a. — branch of internal thoracic artery (mammary a.) Musculophrenic a. — terminal branch of internal thoracic artery

Question 43

Septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band)

Answer 43

Allows subendocardial branches of right bundle to stimulate anterior papillary muscles of R ventricle

Question 44

Origin of papillary muscles in R atrium

Answer 44

Crista terminalis

Question 45

Right atrium receives blood from ____

Answer 45

Coronary sinus, SVC, IVC

Question 46

Sulcus terminalis

Answer 46

External groove separating smooth and rough parts of atrial wall

Question 47

Chordae tendinae

Answer 47

Connect papillary muscle to cusps of AV valves