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CP > CP Midterm > Flashcards

CP Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Location of presynaptic neurons of sympathetic NS

A

Interomediolateral cell column of spinal cord

T1-L2(3)

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2
Q

Intermediolateral column of spinal cord

A

Neurons of presynaptic sympathetic nervous system
T1-L2(3)

Neurons of presynaptic parasympathetic nervous system S2-S4

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3
Q

Location of presynaptic neurons of PNS

A

Brainstem — Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X

Sacral spinal cord — Intermediolateral cell column in S2-S4

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4
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment supplied by ______ bronchi

A

Tertiary bronchi

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5
Q

Respiratory bronchioles supply _____

A

Pulmonary acinus

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6
Q

Segmentation of bronchial tree

A

Trachea - Primary bronchi - Secondary bronchi (within parenchyma; 3 to R lung and 2 to L lung) - Tertiary bronchi (supply bronchopulmonary segment) - Bronchiole (ciliated columnar epithelium; no cartilage) - Terminal bronchiole (clara cells; ciliated cuboidal epithelium; no goblet cells) - Respiratory bronchiole - Alveolar ducts - Alveolar sacs - Alveoli

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7
Q

At what level of the bronchopulmonary tree is cartilage lost?

A

Bronchiole

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8
Q

A loss of cartilage at the level of ______ is replaced by ______

A

Loss of cartilage at bronchioles; replaced by elastic fibers

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9
Q

Location of lymphatic vessels in lung

A

Visceral pleura

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10
Q

Conducting portion of respiratory system ends w/ ______

A

Conducting portion ends with terminal bronchioles (clara cells; ciliated cuboidal epithelium, no goblet cells)

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11
Q

_____ contain cartilaginous plates

A

Primary bronchi to tertiary bronchi contain cartilaginous plates

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12
Q

Ciliated cuboidal epithelium

A

Terminal bronchioles

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13
Q

Terminal bronchiole histology

A

Ciliated CUBOIDAL epithelium w/ CLARA cells and LITTLE TO NO goblet cells; 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in lamina propria

Supply pulmonary lobule

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14
Q

Goblet cells disappear at the level of _____

A

Terminal bronchioles

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15
Q

Ciliated COLUMNAR epithelium; extensive smooth muscle and elastic fibers in lamina propria; no submucosa

A

Bronchiole

No cartilage

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16
Q

Bronchiole histology

A

Ciliated COLUMNAR epithelium; extensive smooth muscle and increasing elastic fibers in lamina propria; no submucosa; no cartilage

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17
Q

Clara cells

A

Produce surfactant proteins
Involved in regeneration of bronchiole epithelium after injury

Found in epithelium of terminal bronchioles (ciliated cuboidal epithelium)

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18
Q

Clara cells found in _____

A

Ciliated cuboidal epithelium of terminal bronchioles

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19
Q

Bronchiole epithelium

A

COLUMNAR and ciliated

20
Q

Clara cell histology

A

Dome shaped with granular cytoplasm
Found in terminal bronchioles
Secrete components of surfactant

21
Q

Aggregates of smooth muscle, collagen, elastic fibers; found at junction of alveolar ducts

A

Alveolar rings

22
Q

Alveolar rings are aggregates of ______

A

Elastic fibers
Smooth muscle
Collagen

Found at junction of alveolar ducts

23
Q

2+ clusters of alveoli

A

Alveolar sacs

24
Q

Type II pneumocytes

A

Rounded cells found in simple squamous epithelium of alveoli
Secrete surfactant
60% of cells in alveolar epithelium

25
Q

Type I pneumocytes

A

Closely associated with capillaries in alveoli — synthesize basal lamina for gas exchange

Cover 90% of alveolar surface

26
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

Dust cells

27
Q

Cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes

A

Lamellar bodies containing granules of pulmonary surfactant

28
Q

Dual basal lamina of alveoli synthesized by ____

A

Type I pneumocytes and endothelial cells

29
Q

Lungs do not occupy ____

A

Lungs do not occupy pleural recesses

30
Q

Costal and mediastinal parietal pleura become continuous posteriorly

A

Vertebral reflection

31
Q

Costal and mediastinal parietal pleura become continuous anteriorly

A

Sternal reflection

32
Q

Costal and diaphragmatic pleura become continuous inferiorly

A

Costal reflection

33
Q

Sequence of lymphatic drainage

A 
Pulmonary nodes 
Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes 
Tracheobronchial nodes 
Tracheal nodes 
Right and left bronchomediastinal trunks
34
Q

Sensory innervation to the lower respiratory tract provided by _____

A

CN X Vagus

35
Q

Sensory innervation of lower respiratory tract: Stretch receptors, irritant receptors, tactile receptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

A

Stretch receptors in alveoli and smooth muscle
Irritant receptors in respiratory epithelium
Tactile receptors for cough reflex
Baroreceptors in pulmonary arteries
Chemoreceptors in pulmonary veins

36
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of lower respiratory tract smooth muscles and glands

A

Inhibit glandular secretion
Vasoconstriction of bronchial vessels
Dilation of bronchial tubes

37
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of lower respiratory tract smooth muscle and glands

A

Increase glandular secretion
Vasodilate bronchial vessels
Constrict bronchial tubes

38
Q

Left Dominant Heart: Posterior Interventricular artery arises from ____

A

Circumflex branch of L coronary artery

39
Q

Determination of heart dominance

A

Coronary artery (R or L) that forms posterior interventricular artery

40
Q

Blood supply to AV bundle and majority of IV septum

A

Left coronary artery

41
Q

Blood supply to AV and SA nodes

A

Right coronary artery

42
Q

Blood supply to pericardium

A

Pericardiophrenic a. — branch of internal thoracic artery (mammary a.)

Musculophrenic a. — terminal branch of internal thoracic artery

43
Q

Septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band)

A

Allows subendocardial branches of right bundle to stimulate anterior papillary muscles of R ventricle

44
Q

Origin of papillary muscles in R atrium

A

Crista terminalis

45
Q

Right atrium receives blood from ____

A

Coronary sinus, SVC, IVC

46
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

External groove separating smooth and rough parts of atrial wall

47
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Connect papillary muscle to cusps of AV valves

CP (2 decks)

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