Cp 13 Introductionn To Landform Study Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of the Earth

A

Crust (thin), Mantle (most volume), Inner/Outer Cores (iron/nickel) + Magnetic Field

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2
Q

Composition of Earth’s Crust - Minerals:

A

Silicates, Oxides, Sulfides, Sulfates, Carbonates, Halides, etc. Perhaps fewer than 20 minerals (out of nearly 4,000 known) make up 95% of Earth’s crust

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3
Q

Igneous Rocks:

A

Plutonic (Intrusive) and Volcanic (Extrusive) make up the bulk of the Earth’s crust.
Examples: Granite or Gabbro or Quartz, and Basalt or Obsidian.

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4
Q
  • How are larger crystals in minerals created?
A

More time for magma to cool below an insulated surface. Lava emerging at the ocean bottom or onto open surface forms smaller crystals in minerals.

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5
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Most common type exposed at the Earth’s surface, but only 5% of crustal volume.
Examples: Shale (compressed mud), Sandstone (sand grains), Limestone (coral skeletons), Coal.

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6
Q

Metamorphic Rocks:

A

Pressure and heat are the causes of metamorphism.

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7
Q

Foliated means

A

parallel arrangement of certain mineral grains giving the rock a striped appearance.
Examples: Gneiss or Slate, Marble or Quartzite.

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8
Q

What isostasy?

A

The relationship between he earth’s crust and the mantle

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9
Q

The Study of Landforms

A

Structure, Process, Slope, Drainage.

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10
Q

Internal (————) and External (——-) geomorphic processes.

A

( folding, faulting, volcanoes)
(Denudation)

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11
Q

What is tectonic movement?

A

These huge pieces of Earth’s surface slowly move at about the speed that your fingernails grow.

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12
Q

What is Uniformitarianism?

A

The principle that states that geologic processes that occur today are similar to those that have occurred in the past.

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13
Q

What is the age of the Earth?

A

4.5 billion years

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14
Q

What is the geologic time scale?

A

It is a representation based on the rock record of earth.

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15
Q

Pattern and process in Geomorphology

A

There is no order or predictability

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