Coxswain Flashcards
false alarm
14usc88 - case where subject reported to be in distress is confirmed not to be in distress and not to be in need of assistance. In false alert cases, the reporting sources either misjudged a situation or inadvertently activated a distress signal/beacon resulting in erroneous request for help, but did not deliberately act to deceive.
hoax
a case where info is conveyed with intent to deceive
class D felony-10 years prison
subject to civil penalty of not more than $5000
liable for all cost of the CG
This does not change the policy that until determined other wise the CG units shall appropriately respond with out delay to any notification of distress, even if suggested to be a false alert or hoax.
surface swimmer
normally deployed only to assist in MOB situations. THEY SHALL NOT ENTER CAPSIZED VESSELS. The coxswain will designate one of the crew a simmer, a swimmer should only be used when absolutely necessary because when a crew member goes over to assist it means additional person has to be picked up from the water. Another crew member must tend the line attached to the swimmer at all times
general salvage other than towing
CG units should only engage in salvage other than towing when limited operations can prevent a worsening situation or complete loss of a vessel. ANY salvage operations shall be performed at the discretion of the units OIC/Co
ex allowing next tide to come in to refloat, helping set anchors, evacuating passengers, helping determine seaworthiness.
CG fire fighting policy
CG primary mission is to save lives then property. The CG will only engage in fire fighting operations :
In support of fire fighting agency, under supervision of qualified fire marshal/officer. except to save the life in early stages of fire to avert significant threat with out undue risk
CG renders assistance based on level of personnel training and adequacy of equipment
CG shall be prepared for and respond to fires onboard CG vessels
SAR assistance policy
the MSAP is result of an effort by congress in 1982. It directed the commandant to review CG policies and procedures for towing and salvage disabled vessels in order to further minimize the possibility of CG competition or interference with commercial enterprise.
flare response policy
reporting sightings of red/orange flares must be treated as distress situations unless sufficient available information indicates no distress exists.
issue MARB
the sighting information shall be recorded in an appropriate log where it will be available in the event that additional information becomes available that a distress incident may have occurred in the area near the time of the sighting.
SAR agreements
are formal written documents used to resolve coordination problems, such as guidance for entering another’s AOR or providing SRUS
SAR program objectives
- minimize loss of life, injury, and property loss and damage in the maritime environment.
- Minimize crew risk during mission
- Optimize use of resources in conducting SAR
- Maintain a world leadership position in maritime SAR
definition of SAR
prevent death or injury to persons and loss or damage to property in the maritime environment.
2 SAR program goals
- prevent death/injury
2. prevent loss/damage to property
coxswains responsibilities
USCG regulations 1992, COMDTINST M5000.3B
Precedence
1. the safety and conduct of crew and passengers
2. the safe operation and navigation of the vessel
3. the completion of sorties or missions
4. respond to hazards to life or property
5. respond to violations of law and regulations
6. report discrepancies in aids to navigation
coxswain authority
USCG regulations 1992 5000.3
subject to articles 88-91 of UMCJ
The coxswain is a direct representative of the CO or OIC and as such has authority and responsibility which are independent of rank or seniority in relation to other personnel embarked. The coxswain authority and responsibility only exist on a specific sortie or mission.
coxswain relief
USCG regulations 1992 5000.3
1. CO/OIC, XO, XPO
2. a senior officer at the scene of distress who exercises authority under the provisions of the USCG regulations
EX. OSC from 87 embarks on your boat to run the show but YOU ARE STILL IN CONTROLL of safe navigations of the boat.
Coast Guard policies/ SAR policies
title 14, section 2,88.141 of the US code
the code states that CG shall develop, establish, maintain, and operate SAR facilities and may render aid to distressed person and protect and save property on and under high seas and waters subject to the jurisdiction of the US
SAR legal authority 14USC 2
SAR as a primary duty
specifies duty of the CG to develop, establish, maintain, and operate rescue facilities for the promotion of safety on, under, and above the high seas and waters subject to the jurisdiction of the US
33 CFR 1, 26
SAR legal authority 14USC 88
Authority to engage in salvage
authorizes the CG to perform any and all acts necessary to rescue and aid persons, and protect and save property
SAR legal authority 14USC 141
CG may when requested by authority, utilize personnel and facilities to assist federal agencies, state, territory, possessions or political subdivisions.
SAR legal 2 times held liable
- USCG acted in a reckless and wanton manner
2. USCG engaged in negligent conduct that WORSENED THE POSTION OF THE VICTIM.
coxswains ability to leave boat
while completing the mission is secondary to ensuring the safety of the crew and passengers and boat, the coxswain may leave the boat if:
- in the coxswains judgment and after careful consideration of the remaining crew members experience, the operational benefits clearly out weight the risk of leaving the boat without a qualified coxswain
- when time permits every effort is made by the coxswain to receive the concurrence of the CO.
commercial assistance on scene
when commercial salvers are on scene performing salvage, CG units may assist them with in the units capabilities, if the salvers request
emergency phases of SAR UNCERTAINITY
phase exist where there is knowledge of a situation that may need to be monitored, or to have more information gathered, but that does not require moving resources(DOUBT)
emergency phases of SAR ALERT
phase exist when a craft or person is experiencing some difficultly and may need assistance, but is not in immediate danger or in need of immediate response (APPREHENSION) is usually associated with the alert phase
emergency phases of SAR DISTRESS
phase exist when grave or immanent danger requiring immediate response. (DANGER)
sector watch structure (SC) SAR Coordinator
has overall responsibility for establishing, staffing, equipping, and managing the SAR system.
Primary responsibility- have over all responsibility for establishing rescue coordination centers as necessary and for providing or arranging for SAR services with in US search and rescue regions
(DISTRICT)
sector watch structure (SMC) SAR Missions Coordinator
designated to manage each SAR mission and coordinate resources.
Primary responsibility- is designated to manage each SAR mission and to coordinate resources
(SECTOR COMMANDER) *never below sector level
sector watch structure (OSC) on scene coordinator
designated to coordinate SAR operations within a specified area
- most capable person available
- 2 or more SRU’s are on scene
sector watch structure (SRU) search and rescue units
a unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitable for the conduct of SAR operations
- trained personnel
- provided with suitable equipment
- for the expeditions of conducting SAR(crew/assets)
MARB policy 1st step
- notify the mariner that unless a specific request is made for alternate assistance, the mariner must accept either the alternative of letting the CG make a MARB, or the mariner can arrange for assistance
MARB policy 2nd step
if MARB is declined, the SMC may monitor the condition, but need to take no further action unless requested or the situation deteriorates.
* If MARBs are declined in a non-distress situation, the CG has no further obligation to monitor or respond unless boaters change their mind or the situation deteriorates. The burden lies solely on the boater
MARB policy 3rd step
if requested- solicit voluntary response of anyone who can assist- include general location- must be worded carefully(so not obliged to pay)-10 minute recommended before CG or AUX respond- SMC will determine reasonable period of time and circumstances- not exceed 1 hour. monitor response shall give CG ETA- notifies other mariners no further assistance needed. Maintain comms until requester establishes comms with responder
If declined issue anther MARB provide sailors # CG will not be underway unless situation deteriorates
refloating
CO/OIC approval
CG is capable of rendering assistance
owner request the assistance and agrees to specific effort to be made
CG personnel are not unduly hazard
*operator insistence -cg no obligation to request or demand , if decision to comply should be made, clear that operator is assuming risk, the fact that the action is undertaken at operators request and is against CG advice should be logged
Searches for bodies 3.4.7
if established by time or circumstance the person is dead the CG is not required to search for bodies, may assist other agencies such as police and military commands as along as they don’t interfere with the units primary duties
*use CG assets as support platform to use their equipment
disoriented vessel/ escorting vessel 4.5
the responsibility for safety and navigation of a vessel rest with the vessels operator not the CG. Units may pass printed info from current updated NOAA,LNM, light list, coast pilot. Info passes is prudent based on facts not opinion. The CG shall not provide course to steer, all info pass shall be logged. If there is any doubt of individuals safety, it shall be treated as SAR. I+
*Info we may pass: characteristics of lights, magnetic or true bearings between charted objects, charted range bearings, charted traffic separation scheme bearings, charted depths of water, charted hazards, radio beacon frequencies, charted buoy frequencies, LAT/LONG charted objects
D13 vessel/dingy adrift policy
will be initially treated as possible distress. A boat or aircraft will normally be dispatch to investigate and conduct an initial search area. Treat as PIW unless investigate efforts indicate to be an unlikely scenario. IT is not necessary to launch helo except when it will take more than a hour for a boat to be on scene or the investigation indicates the likelihood of a person overboard.
Case treatment- determined non distress remove vessel. attempt to locate owner by registration or HIN notify AOLE
uncorrelated distress
is a distress broadcast that does not include positon or identification info sufficient to generate a search
- treat as distress
- issue UMIB= the SMC will with the position at least an hour at 15 min intervals
- when sufficient info exists to establish search are, SMC will launch assets
- Direction finder
crew fatigue standards
45- seas less than 4ft- 10 hours , more than 4 feet-8 hours, HWX-6 hours REST 8 hours
29 seas less than 4ft- 8hrs, more than 4ft- 6hrs, HWX- NONE, REST 8 hrs
HWX seas greater than 8ft and winds greater than 30kts
4 hrs in these conditions- winds exceed 30kts temp below 10degrees
8 hrs in these conditions- winds less than 30kts temp above 10 degrees.
trailering - 350 miles or 8 hrs
sheltered anchorage can extend max hrs by 50%
1 hr gets you 30 mins back
crew fatigue standards continued
higher risk missions between 2300-0500 interrupts crew’s normal physiological cycles
initial sleep 0-6 hrs add sleep needed 6+ hrs
initial sleep 6-7 hrs add sleep needed 2+hrs
helmet policy
helmets should be worn when conducting helo ops, personnel transfer via Jacobs ladder, hoisting or overhead operations, where there is an possibility of impact to the head, PWCS, RBTTP
cell phone use
shall not get underway with out a cell phone
help operations
may not use with out coxswains permission
driver/operator shall bring vessel to all stop, post look out and carry out business
text and cell conversation shall be kept to a minimum and for official business only
tobacco use on board
only designated areas, prevent public exposure, discouraged u/w, pier 36, Elliot bay and general view of public, discretion of the coxswain, proper disposal, discouraged waste products into water
comms watch
standing order #37 shall maintain a radio guard from 0800-1600 everyday, JHOC will retain during PWCS
weather
prior to getting underway check conditions
RBS RBM
seas
6’ 8’(12 survi)
wind
25kts 30kts(50surv)
towing 10 100
cruising RPMS
3250 1950
actual draft
2’9” 3’4”
nav draft
6’ 6’
helmet/seatbelt
>5000rpms >2200rpms
risk assesment
general assessment of risk
GAR LOW0-23 MED 24-449contact co) HIGH 45-60(contact co)
low gain do not accept mission wait until risk factor changes
Supervisions, planning, crew selection, crew fitness, environment, event evolution complexity
TCT
MCSALAD mission analysis situational awareness assertiveness leadership adaptability and flexibility decision making communication
ORM operational risk management
- identify hazards
- asses risk
- identify options
- evaluate risk vs gain
- execute decisions
- monitor situation
PEACE identify hazards
planning event complexity asset selection communications environment conditions
STAAR identify options
spread out transfer avoid accept reduce
trackline search TSR
follows a vessels intended route
return- off set 1/2 track spacing form trackline of datum. Runs one sided down then other
parallel search PS
search legs align with major axis to cover large area. Uniform coverage is desired target. Could be anywhere in search area. Multi unit offset half track spacing
expanding square SS
Used to search small area when some doubt exist about the distress location. More coverage than VS. Use when confident datum is close limits.
All courses 90* to the right
2nd unit 45* to the right
creeping line search CS
search legs align with minor axis, uniform coverage.
EX. debris was found on one end. Higher probability the search object is at the end of the search area
sector search VS
used when location of object is well known
1st leg of search is the direction of drift. 120* turns to the right, all legs equal to the radius.
2nd pattern starts 30* to the right
multi
units 90* to the left
PIW track spacing and speed
.1 (200 yards) 6kts
3 min and 6 min rule
3 min - distance traveled in yards in 3 min given ships speed times or divide by 100
ex D=10000 yds
S=100kts
6 min- distance traveled in NM in 6 min given ship speed times or divide by 10
ex D=7NM
S-7kts
time/speed/distance
time in minutes
speed in kts
distance in NM
60 to ensure that time is calculated in min
60
S + T
Dsafe haven
considered a place that can accommodate a will except the safe mooring of the vessel and has available means of communication
relief of tow
SMC and coxswain of the assisting vessel determined that a hand-off can be carried out safely
Alternative assistance is desired and arranged by the operator of vessel being assisted
operational commander has a higher need for the CG resource or AUX.
datum
the most probable location of the search object corrected for movement over time
MAYDAY
distress call of highest priority, spoken 3 times on channel 16 or 2182kHZ. person boat or aircraft is threatened by grave imminent danger and requires immediate assistance. Don’t switch channel until enough info( pos, nature of distress, ect) Priority over all other missions.
PAN-PAN
channel 16 or 2182kHZ 3 repetitions. stations has very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft, vehicle, or person
SECURITE
channel 16 or 2182kHZ 3 repetitions indicates messages concerning safety of navigation, or important weather warnings will be transmitted on 2670kHZ or channel 22A
types of hulls
displacement- pushes away water allowing hull to settle down in water
planning- sits on top of water
semi- combo of both
pitch
distance a propeller advances in one revolution with no slip.
slip
distance lost from pitch
side force
the way water comes off propeller after rotation creates side force which pushes vessel in opposite direction
displacement
the heavier the load the lower it sits in the water, the displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is the ships weight
cavitation
formation of a partial vacuum around the propeller blades. Cause: propeller rotates at high speed, rapid ahead to astern, aerated water
stability
ability of a vessel to return to an upright position after being heeled over
buoyancy
upward force of water displaced by the hull. the force of buoyancy keeps the boat afloat, however, it may be overcome if to much weight is added
equilibrium
when a boat is at rest, the center of buoyancy acting upwards is below center of gravity acting downwards. it is at this point that a boat is considered to be in equilibrium. effected by movement of center gravity or center of buoyancy or by some outside forces
righting movement
the force causing the vessel to react against a roll in return to a even keel
45 RBM stability
one compartment damage stability criteria. any single compartment in the hull can be flooded and the RBM will have sufficient damage stability
25 RBS stability
fuel tank- water tight-not part of hull structure
water tight frame 3 to main transom aft of frame 9. 2 pressure tested air tight compartment are located between frame 3 and the bow, and aft engine well compartment which is welded behind main transom
capsizing
less likely to capsize in deep open water. escape check need survival equip, activate personal marker light, PFDs may be removed to escape. best swimmer 1st with line for others to follow. no line best swimmer 1st, worse swimmer then last is second best
towing hookups
Penang -used to reduce wear of towline
Bridal- both legs exert equal pull, for HWX legs long enough angles less than 30*
Skiff hook- like with snaphook that connects to trailer eyebolt
distressed vessel stability
righting moment, freeboard, listing, yawing, pitch, roll, deck fitting, sheen
gear adrift in water
decide whether to remove crew, put BCM onboard, transfer equipment if necessary
pre towing procedure and towing comms
remove all personnel from distressed boat when necessary, safe or practical. All personnel must wear PFD. Provide ETA ask about deck fittings and backing plates, deck layout. If anything changed since 1st contact. Offer line of communication. talk to marina keep peace if left overnight call in AM
inertia
tendency for a vessel at rest to stay at rest. Static force cause towed vessel to resist motion. Inertia is one property that causes resistance in towing vessels, other is moment of inertia
moment of inertia
occurs when a towed vessel resists effort to turn about a vertical axis to change heading. Unless necessary- DONT attempt to tow distressed vessel ahead and change its heading at the same time, less stress for both vessels when two forces are conquered individually
opening and closing
opening by pivoting or backing
closing by backing
momentum
anticipate how momentum will affect the towed vessels motion and apply an offsetting force early and gradually
shock loading
rapid, extreme increase in tension on the towline, which transfers through the tow rig and fittings to both vessels. Could damage fittings, part tow line, cause momentary loss of directional control by either vessel and could capsize small vessels. Puts strain on engine loads.
PREVENT- reduce speed, get boats in step, lengthen towline(catenary and more stretch) set course to lessen effect of seas, deploy drogue
frictional resistance
water molecules friction cause the layers of water close to the hull to try to drag along. This attempt to drag water alongside takes energy, As speed increase , this action becomes “turbulent”- takes additional energy and more speed requires even more power
in step
climb and descend waves together, gain and lose momentum at the same time, to get vessels in step lengthen towline rather than shorten if possible. minimizes shock loading
yaw
veers to one side then the other. cause by trim, may cause 1 or both vessels to capsize if severe. ways to reduce or minimize- change towline scope, adjust trim, decrease speed or alter course to reduce effect of wave or winds. deploy drogue, use a bridle
drogue use
used to minimize yawing, used to slow rate of movement. Prevent rapidly accelerating down a face of wave
safe towing speed
1.34 x square root of LW-10% ex 36 ft at water line 1.34x square root 36 1.34x6=8 8-10%(8)=7.2
tow watch
critical responsibility- assign crew member, vessel in tow and towline must be constantly watched.
report signs of yawing, listing, boat in step, towed boat overtaking due to sudden reduction in speed, position of towed boats crew, slack in towline/prevent fouled prop
sinking tows
cut towline, note vessels position by GPS or radar fix- recue crew,
Marking wreck- floatable object should be tied to towline so it is visible will mark sunken vessel for salvage later as well as recovery for towing equipment
helo ops
direct- lowered directly to deck
indirect- trailine
clear deck for operations, dead mans stick PPE-goggles helmet ear pro
DANGER- blue lights go to starboard (covered in brief)
anchoring
check charts for danger areas, approach into winds or current.
scope 5:1,7:1 HWX 10:1
anchor watch every 15 minutes
drop point on plotter, check swing circle ( look for other vessels on radar)
set anchor alarm
set EBL and VRM to see if drifting
fuel consumption
faster you go more gas you burn, leaving less gas for search patterns and returning home. will have to look for marina
45-30kts(1950RPM) 48GPH
29-25kts(3250RPM)10GPH
p6
4-6 hours on one tank, interchangeable tank, 250 GPM, 20ft discharge hose(blue-green connection), 15ft suction hose(black-yellow connection) 12ft suction, 6 languages instructions inside, floats
pass by tying bowline around line and sending down tow, must have tending line
MOB
click MOB, blue lights and other lights, sound danger direct or indirect( heaving line, surface swimmer), which side, datum deployed, stokes litter- make sure deck is set up, surface swimmer puts person in stokes litter, put round turn around taft rail to control stokes litters slack, pull over, surface swimmer retrieved at recess
diver
Divers Alert Network (DAN) 919-684-8111
Hyperbaric chamber- Virginia Masson center - 206-223-6600 Elliot Bay behind Hilton
DONT ELIVATE legs ELIVATE head
Puget Sound Triage
natural disaster, active shooter
CITY HALL, SPACE NEEDLE
RAW/ JACKET water capacity RBM
raw water- duplex strainer (1 for each engine) in LAZ, flow 125GPM
jacket water- 15 gallons of power cool 50/50 pre blend (each engine) hot starts maintains JW temp 120*F
flow rate 178 GPM
lube oil capacity
45- 43 quarts 15w40
29- 8 quarts 10w30
fuel capacity
45- 510 gal @100%
485gal-95% useable
29-110gal
heater 3.3 gal diesel
reduction gear
rotation- starboard and port shafts are left handed rotating,
ratio-1.02:1 (engine crank shaft turns 1.02 times for every 1 turn on the impeller shaft)
Oil capacity 2.8gal 15w40
bilge pumps 45
2000GPH(33GPM)-6 pumps
LAZ- 1- discharge out stern
engine room-1- out stbd FR2
AMS-2- each side fuel tank discharge P and S FR7
survivors-1- discharge P FR11
forepeak-1- discharge S FR14
pump float switches directly above pump and are alarm only. Bilge alarm and light will activate engineer console, and at the vector control/display alarm panel. Bilge pumps are manually controlled at engineer console. When external alarm relay arming switch is active the bilge alarm system will activate BLUE LE lights and loudhailer.
bilge pump 29
2000GPH(33GPM)
2 bilge pumps - aft bilge located port and stbd of keel near transom. STBD is designates pump 1 and P is 2. Discharge 1 1/8 in hose thru-hull fitting located above deck each side of engine well. check valves in each line
Sump pump-800GPH- aft bilge discharge same place as bilges
steering system 29
hydraulic- steering wheel helm pump assembly line runs port side of the bilge to HPU- 2 lines run to each cylinder on each engine, each engine is connected with one another with tie bar
sea starr hydraulic fluid
disabling casualties
casualties that make the boat unserviceable. If DC is identified the boat shall not get underway until it is corrected
U/W- immediately return to nearest safe mooring and be places in Charlie status
report to operational commander and sector engineer
restrictive casualties
boat can perform some missions but not all. only be operated if operational commander has issued written waiver. Verbal authorizes as long as it is followed up with written waiver with in 4 hrs
U/W notify OOD and recommend to continue or abort CO pass info to op co
warranted risk
balance gains with risk operation, damage to or sacrifice boat is acceptable when defending the USA, its citizens and or instillations, probability of saving human life( even if damage or abuse may render boat unrecoverable) warrants maximum effort when no suitable alternative exists and has reasonable chance of success risk of damage or abuse is acceptable.
possibility of saving human life or prevent or probability of preventing or relieving intense pain or suffering warrants the risk of damage or abuse of the boat if recovering the boat can reasonably be expected,if value of property to be saved is greater than cost of damage and boat fully expected to be recovered. possibility of recovering evidence and alleged violators of federal law does not warrant probable damage to or abuse of boat
vessel evacuation
once CG issues evac order, master of vessel have no authority to prevent their crews from complying with evac instructions. Any attempt to stop crew may constitute a criminal offense. Shall be fully documented in log.
AOR boat ramps
Don Armeni- primary 0400-2300
Everett- North AOR 0600-2200 425-257-8300
Warren G Magnuson Park N lake Washington 0400-2300 206-684-4075
Stan Seyres S lake Washington 0400-2300 contact park duty officer 206-915-6249
Point Defiance- South AOR dawn to dusk 253-5915325
Hood Canal Marina N hood AOR 24hrs 360-898-2252
Seabeck boat ramp S hood AOR 24hrs
types of keels
BAR- extends below the bottom of the boat, protects boats hull plating
Flat plate- plate perpendicular to the centerline of the hull, runs internal to hull at the centerline
what should look out report
everything: seen, smelled, heard as well as what they thing they see smell or hear
if in doubt report
channels do we monitor
ch 13- bridge to bridge
ch16- national hail and distress
ch21a 22a 150,151 - CG units/bases
ch81a 83a- CG small boats
45 frames
14-bow- forepeak 10-14 - survivors compartment 7-10- AUX space 2-7 - engine compartment transom-2- LAZ 6-10- pilot house
29 frames
1- FWD- anchor locker 1-3- FWD deck 3-4- cuddy cabin 4-7- main cabin 7-9- aft deck 9-aft transom- engine well little aft 6- little aft 8- gas tank
position angel
the position angel of an aircraft is it height in degrees above the horizon as seen from the boat
minimum amount of gear rescue swimmer must have
surfcap booties neoprene gloves mask and snorkel fins
vessel design features that influence stability
size and shape of hull draft trim displacement freeboard superstructure, size, shape, weight non-water tight openings
2 primary forces that affect stability and give examples of each
static force- caused by placement of weight with in hull
ex- flooding or grounding can make it susceptible
dynamic forces-caused by actions outside the hull such as wind and waves
ex wind and waves
hull construction
5083 marine grade alluminum
HF distress frequencies
3 to 30MHz
limitations 45
10ft seas (12 survivable) 30kts wind(50 survivable) 100 displacement tons 1950 rpms cruising 2300 rpms max crusing 3'4" draft 6' nav draft 2200 rpms helmet/seat belt seas above 4ft 8hrs required rest 8 hrs seas below 4ft 10hrs rest 8 hrs
limitations 29
seas( no breaking surf) 6' wind 25kts 10 displacement tons cruise rpms 3250 max rpms 6000 draft 2'9" nav draft 6' helmet and seat belts over 5000rpms seas less than 4ft -8hrs -8hrs of rest seas greater than 4ft -6hrs- 8hrs of rest
salvage opertation that may be permitted
plugging hole un recreation vessel with rags and wedges
pumping water
pulling a small vessel from a sand bar into deeper water
set anchor wait for tides
salvage operations that are NOT permitted
diving to clear fouled prop
raising a sunken vessel
refloating a vessel that is completely high and dry
sweep width
distance at which the probability of detecting a target outside the distance is equal to the probability of missing the target inside that distance
5 stages of SAR
awareness initial action planning operations conclusion
property damage form
SF-95
sins plotter
depth alarm set to nav draft
cross tack error arlam set @.05 nm
radar plotter will be scaled to the same or as close as possible range scale between the two
loss of sins package, boat crew shall use mode 3and coxn plots wpts to navigate from
water jets
Kamewa Rolls Royce FF model number 3758
rated horse power of engines
45- 825 BHP at 2300 RPM
29-225 hp
enignes
45-twin detriot diesel series 60 diesel engines
29- Honda 4 stroke outboards
water tight compartments
45- forepeak survivors aux engine laz pilot house 29- FR3 to main transom aft of frame 9
air tight
fwd FR 3 aft FR7
electrical generation kilow (generator)
duel engine mounted 8.5kw gens
water jets make rotation direction steering nozzles reverser buckets back flush
Kamewa FF 375s water jets
left hand rotation
30* to port and stbd
buckets deflect water in opposite direction
clearing lodged debris out of the inlet ducts not to exceed 1200 RPMS while back flushing
thru hull fitting on sea chest
2 raw water
p6 standpipe
hvac/ a/c
2 de-icing
sector watch structure
district- SAR coordinator (SC)
sector-SAR mission coordinator (SMC)
cutter- on scene coordinator (OSC)
station - search and rescue units (SRU)
3 emergency phases of SAR
uncertainty- doubt
alert-apprehension
distress- grave or imminent danger
PPE waivers
water and air temp below 50= dry suit
water or air temp below 50= mustang
water temp above 60*= type 3
SPE
severity, probability, exposure
max personnel
45-24
29-10
max range at cruise speed( 10% reserve)
29- 175nm @25kts 3250RPM
45- 250nm @30kts 1950RPM
max operating distance offshore
45-50nm
29-10nm
RBS missions
PWCS(port ,water ways, coastal security) SAR living marine resources recreational boating safety enforcement of law and treaties
heat exhaustion heat stroke
symptoms
treatment
exhaustion: person collapses and sweats profusely, victim has pale skin, pounding heart, headache, acts restless
stroke: stops sweating , redskin, hot and dry to touch, body temp above 105*, headache, weak and rapid pulse, confusion, violence, lack of coordination, delirium, and or unconsciousness, brain damage
bring inside cool area drink cool water put in position most comfortable to them
displacement
45 - 36700lbs
29-8400lbs
29-9960 trailer
freeboard
bow- 4’9”
admidships- 1’11”
aft-2’11”
propellers
15 3/8” x 18” pitch
3 blade propeller counter rotating
height
29- mast up above water line 9’10”
fixed- 7’10”
on trailer-10’6”
mast up 12’6”
45-fixed 13’1”
unfixed 20’9”
length
45- 43’9” without fender
44’9” with fender
29- 31’7” bow to end of taff rail
36’10” on trailer
38’1” longest possible
minimum lines for a side tow
2 lines
1,2 go
line 1 and line 2 towing and backing
draft
29- 2’9” vertical engines
1’10” raised engines
45- 3’4”
range of VHF frequency range
30 to 300 MHz
short range marine comms( line of site, LOS principal)
height of antenna helps with range
weather conditions
radio 6ft above water level/up to 20nm off shore
fatigue causes
boredom, lack of sleep, poor physical condition, exposure to sun, exposure to noise, stress, eye strain, holding maintain balance, operating in extreme heat
fatigue symptoms
inability to focus, mental confusion and judgment errors, decrease motor skills and sensory ability, increased performance, decrease concern for safety
fatigue prevention
rest, appropriate dress, rotate crew, provide food and refreshments, observe other crew members signs
motion sickness signs
nausea and vomiting, increase salivation, unusual paleness, sweating, drowsiness, weakness, stomach discomfort
motion sickness causes
mental and physical stress from the rolling and pitching motion of boat, task require close attention (chart work, reading)
hypothermia
pale skin, cold to touch, poor coordination, pupils dilated, slurred speech, incoherent thinking, unconscious muscle rigidity, weak pulse, very slow and labored breathing, irregular heartbeat
bring into warm area, remove wet clothing, give dry clothes or wrap in blanket, give warm liquid to sip
stokes litter strap order
grey blue black red green
where to check for pulse
temporal- scalp or head facial- ridge along jaw carotid- neck subclavion- sink of shoulder under arm- axillary brachial - bicep radial and ulnar- forearm closest to wrist femeral- pelvic basin popliteal- back of knee dorsalis pedis top of foot
optimum position
best optimal position for crew members to make a heaving line throw and work the deck for tow
while keeping a safe distance and providing a means of escape to avoid collision
optimum position 5 bullets
attachment point to attachment point establish safe distance keep vessel out of danger zone allows time to pass gear/ assemble deck minimize stress levels
danger zone
imaginary danger zone is established around the distressed vessel and approach is made from the outside
size of danger zone depends on conditions and the arrangement of the distressed vessel
worse weather conditions larger danger zone is
policy for persons in trapped capsized vessel
district commander will ensure that experienced supervisors NOT the SRU crew will decide how to proceed
recommended rescue procedure- inject clean air, keep in contact with person, stabilize hill, if no rescue possible consider re-righting vessel, estimate volume of air remaining, CG swimmer may attempt but shall not dive under vessel
3 sub categories of nav rules
in any visibility
conducted in sight of each others
conducted in restricted visibility
rule 4 application
rules in this section apply to any condition of visibility
rule 2 responsibility
nothing in these rules shall exonerate any vessel or owner from consequences of any neglect to comply with these rules
All dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessel involved, may make departure from these rules necessary to avoid immediate danger
rule 18 responsibilities between vessels
pecking order shall stay out of the way of
except rules 9 narrow channels 10 traffic separation scheme 13 overtaking
rule 5 look out
every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look out by sight and hearing as well as by available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision
rule 9 narrow channels
a vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her stbd side as safe and practicable
a vessel less than 20m in length, sailing vessel, and a vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only with in a narrow channel or fairway
rule 10 traffic separation scheme
a vessel shall proceed in the appropriate lane
join or leave VTS at the termination of the lane, when joining from either side, do so at small angle as possible
when crossing a VTS to do so perpendicular or as close to 90*
rule 11 application
rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another
rule 12 sailing vessels
2 sailing vessels approaching one another: 1 shall keep out the way of the other
when each have wind on diff side, vessel with wind on port side shall keep out of way of other
when both have wind on same side vessel with wind on windward side shall keep out of way of vessel with wind on leeward side
if vessels with wind on port is uncertain if other vessels has wind on port side or stbd side it shall keep out of that vessels way
rule 13 overtaking (in sight)
any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of way of that vessel being overtaken
vessel shall be deemed overtaking when coming up 22.5* abaft her beam
rule 14 head on situation
port to port
when 2 power driven vessels are meeting on a reciprocal or near reciprocal course so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter course to stbd and pass port to port
such situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessels sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see mast head light in a line or both side lights. by day observe corresponding aspect of the other vessel.
when in any doubt as to whether such a situation exist, she shall assume that it does and act accordingly
rule 6 safe speed
every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped with in a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstance and conditions
determining safe speed: state of visibility, traffic density, draft, background lighting, maneuverability, weather
vessel operating with radar: radar range scale, undetected vessels and debris, limitations of the radar, sea and rain gain, assessment of visibility, #, location movement of vessels
rule 7 risk of collision use all available means
every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exist
proper use of radar, including long range scanning to obtain early signs of collision
assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty info/ scanty radar info
determining risk of collision: Constant bearing decreasing range
rule 8 action to avoid collision ( positive, ample time, good seamanship)
any actions taken to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the rules of this part and shall if the circumstance of the case admit be positive, made in ample time, and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship
altering course/speed to avoid collision shall be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel by radar or visually
to pass at safe distance
take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion
rule 15 crossing situation
port to port
when 2 power driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has other on her own stbd side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admits, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.
rule 16 action by give way vessel
every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear
rule 17 action by stand on vessel
stand on vessel shall keep her course and speed
stand on vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her maneuver alone, when its apparent that the give way vessel is not taking appropriate action
stand on vessel find herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the give way vessel alone, she SHALL take such action as will best aid to avoid collision
rule 19 conduct of vessel in restricted visibility
applies to vessels not in sight of one another navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility
every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed
vessel detect by radar alone another vessel shall determine if risk of collision exists. if so shall take ample time to avoid collision
turn sharply away from boat
come down to bare steerage or take all way of and navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over
minor discrepancies
do not affect operational readiness
major discrepancies
degrade effectiveness of the boat to perform 1 or more missions
EOW responsibilities
before leaving pier 36 an engine room round must be performed
engine room rounds every hour
engine room rounds every 15 minutes when operating at RPM of 2350 continuously
under heavy wx rounds may be conducted with CCTV or COXN discretion
notify CO when
- any unscheduled boat movement; ie SAR/MLE/ PWCS tasking
- GAR score amber or red
- prior to any salvage operation
- prior to piloting a vessel in water less than units nav draft
- anytime a vessel is requesting to operate with a waiver for a restrictive casualty
- requesting a fatigue or HWX waiver
- discharge of firearm
- use of force above 3
- any termination
notify OPS when
after any significant SAR case may draw external interest
notify XO when
any reportable mishap to vessel assigned to station seattle
reasonable time to respond to MARB
2 hours
waivers from base EO (through our EPO)
disabling casualty
anytime an asset cant respond to a mission(scheduled or unscheduled) maintenance
anytime fire, flooding, or grounding occurs
oil or fuel spills occur
BASE EO Mr. Parks
waivers from small boat product line
disabling discrepancy
only the boat product line may issue class-wide engineering waivers
waivers from operational commander
- operational parameters
- fatigue
- restrictive discrepancies
Operational Commander Captain
waiver from CO ( for what certain operations)
PPE
weapons
waivers for: trailering, training in Elliot bay, refueling in Elliot bay, dependent cruises
cautions areas in AOR
south entrance shillshole bay “A” buoy extremely shallow
Eagle harbor entrance shallow both sides
Quartermaster harbor very shallow on west entrance
East & West entrances of Rich Passage are narrow and have heavy traffic
Snohomish River
Large amount of log debris throughout Pudget sound
lube oil pressure 2300-PSI normal 2300-PSI disabling idle-normal idle-disabling
2300 RPMs- 41 PSI normal
2300 RPMs- 31 PSI disabling
650 RPMs- 10 normal
650 RPMs- less than 10 disabling
45 RBM firefighting capabilities
- 04 5lb ABC portable -2 aft seat pilot house 2 survivors compartment
- FM200- 30 lb of agent in a 10lb bottle 02 places to activate- pilot house nitrogen bottle under stbd seat & directly from FM200 bottle 30 sec time delay; 1 pressure switch activated by nitrogen bottle, secures engine, engine room exhaust fan; 3 pressure trips -activated by agent 1 secures both intake dampeners/2 secure each exhaust dampener.
generators
- how many
- creates what vac
- KW
- Hz
- 2 gens 1 on each MDE
- 120/240 VAC
- 804 KW
- 60Hz
fuel system (45)
- 100%
- 95%
- usable
- low F/O pressure alarm code
- 510 gal
- 485 gal
- 460 gal
- code 48 (display o EDM)
reduction gear pressure
engaged = normal 185-265 PSI/ disabling anything outside that range disengaged = normal 15-65 PSI/ disabling out side that range
jacket water temps
normal- 140-185 F
restrictive- 186-211F
disabling- 212*F
hydraulic system
- power 3 things
- hydraulic pump #’s
- fluid capacity
- how is it cooled
- steering nozzle, reversing buckets, trim tabs(interceptors)
- 2 pumps on each engine (FWD left side of both MDE)
- 9 gallons
- hydraulic fluid is cooled from sea water cooling keel plates welded to the hull under red gears
45 RBM transducer
laz between frames 1&2
part of center line
international sound signals
- *
- **
- *
- *
- *
- I am altering my course to stbd
- I am altering my course to port
- I intend to overtake you on your stbd side
- I intend to overtake you on your port side
- I agree to be overtaken
inland sound signals and other sound signals
- *
- **
- -
- -
- --
- bell rapid 5 sec <100m
- bell 5 sec + gong 5 sec rapid >100m
- I intend to leave you on my portside/overtaking stbd
- I intend to leave you on my stbd side/ overtaking port
- operating aster propulsion
- pilot engaged in work
- danger signal/ unsure of your intentions
- underway making way/ approaching a bend or obstruction
- underway not making way
- anchored- warning
- vessel anchored less than 100m
- vessel anchored more than 100m / also show deck lights
sound signals
- -**
- -***
- 3 separate distinct rings on bell + bell rapid 5 sec+ 3 separate distinct rings on bell
- NUC, RAM,CBD, SV, fishing, towing, pushing ahead also at anchor for fishing &CBD
- vessel being towed is manned
- aground
2 types of stability and definition
transverse- athwart ships, keeps boat from rolling over
longitudinal- fore and aft, keeps boat from pitch poling
parts of anchor
shank- aids in setting and weighting the anchor, attachment point for anchor line
fluke- dig into bottom and burry the anchor, provides holding
crown- lifts rear of the flukes and forces the flukes into the bottom
stock- prevents anchor from rolling or floating
target angel
relative bearing to vessel
when should you wear dry suit
air temp and water temp below 50*
what is CBDR
constant bearing decreasing range
when should you wear anti exposure coveralls
water below 60* above 50*
Air temp above 50*
two geographic areas of USCG for SAR
Pacific area
Atlantic area
- state which distress beacon the CG endorsees
2. response policy for distress beacon
- 406mHz 121.5mGHz
2. reports of audible and visual beacons should be treated the same as a report of a orange/ red flare
state the effects of dynamic propeller thrust
the natural effects that the environment will cause on the thrust of propeller
state the effects of unequal blade thrust
due to the angle of the propeller shaft the effective pitch angle is different for ascending and descending propeller blades. this creates more thrust resulting in more speed.
- trimming
commence search point CSP
plotted 1/2 track spacing in from corner to commence the search
WAAS/DGPS
wide area augmentation system
differential global positing receiver
best info source for total water current
DMB data marker buoy considered “most reliable data”
fetch
distance wind travels on the sea uninterrupted
state the meaning of the word drift as related to current and drift
is the strength of the set and is expressed in knots “ drift is 1.5 kts” means the boat is being pushed in a given direction (set) at a speed of 1.5kts
state the meaning of the word “set” as related to current and drift
is the direction of these forces and includes factors such as wind, current and sea condition, set is expressed in degrees
ex. set 240* means boat is being pushed towards 240*m
fuel consumption
45- cruising speed: 1950/30kts= about 50gph
max rpms:2350/40kts= about 90gph
29-3250/27kts= 12.4gph
6000/47kts 40.3gph
wake responsibility
whether in a wake zone or not you are responsible for any injury or damage caused by your wake
state 4 primary geographic divisions of responsibility for US SAR
atlactic maritime
pacific maritime
aeronautical pacific
aeronautical atlantic
5 nav standards
prior to underway coxn will: assure boat is properly outfitted
before evolution coxn check wx conditions
brief crew and do GAR / or anytime mission changes
ensure crew has proper PPE
1.PDW’s, BO kit, body armor are required at all times unless weapons waiver is granted by the CO
2.seat belts during RBTTP, over 30kts, excess of 500RPMs or 2200RPMs
3.helmet policy
4. mission complete, coxn ensures boat is refueled, cleaned, gear stowed, completely stowed, Discrepancies will be reported to department head and entered into ALMIS corrected ASAP.
5. minimum crews
RBM- 1 coxn 1 eng 1 BCM 1 additional BO/BTM
RBS- 1 coxn 2 BCM 1 additional BO/BTM
ENG or BCM can be BO or BTM, during boarding a min of 2 ppl shall remain on board, only qualified TCM may operate 240
6. HWX- defined as winds greater than 30kts continuous wave height of 8ft or greater, OR any combo of wind and seas that equal 30 (ex seas 4ft and winds 26kts)
7. when at anchor crew fatigue hours are decreased by 50%
NAV draft 6ft
-restricted water: less than 5000 yards from shoal water/ 10 min intervals
-coastal waters: greater than 5000 yards , less than 3nm from land fixed intervals of 15min
-open ocean: greater than 3nm from land/ fixed intervals 30 min activate plot(ie - seaman’s eye, chart plotter, paper chart wpts/routes, radar, fathometer, ect.)GPS failure: DRs shall be maintained as per the waters they are in.
Disabling casualties
Unserviceable
Engine fails to start Uncontrollable over heating Engine surging over 50rpm Hull breach below water line Metallic/ non metallic noise metal on metal clicking
Restrictive casualty
Some activities but not all - written waiver
Bulge pump inoperative Radar inoperative GPS inoperative Missing non skid 8.5x 11 inches Nav lights with 1 extinguished
Major discrepancies
Degrade effectiveness to perform 1 or more missions
Bilge hose clamps missing Damaged door or windows Fluid levels below minimum Loose/missing nuts,bolts,brackets Battery terminals loose/corroded
3 things that seem a nav rule situation
Restricted visibility insight of one another and risk of collision.
