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Cows > Cows > Flashcards

Cows Flashcards

1
Q

Which virus has profound effect on mucosal lining of trachea

A

IBR

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2
Q

Which virus can cause 1* pneumonia

A

BRSV

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3
Q

Two toxins involved in M. hemolytica type 1

A

Leukotoxin

Endotoxin

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4
Q

Leukotoxin plays what role in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis

A

Block opsonization

Chemotaxis of neutrophils

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5
Q

What causes inspiratory dyspnea

A

Diaphragmatic paralysis
Reduced fxnl lung volume
Upper airway obstruction

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6
Q

What characterized cardiac tamponade

A

Distended jugular veins

Small jugular pulse (weak pulse)

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7
Q

What is the most effective way to reduce blood K

A

Glucose

Insulin

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8
Q

What can be said about the heart during hypocalcemia

A

Rapid

Soft/weak

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9
Q

Presenting sign of high alttude dz

A

Brisket edema

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10
Q

Most common cardiac defect in cattle

A

VSD

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11
Q

Why are dairies decreasing in number

A

High feed and labor costs

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12
Q

How does BST (bovine somatotropin) increase milk production

A

Sends more lactose to mammary gland

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13
Q

Max bacterial amount in grade A milk

A

100,000

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14
Q

Abx illegal in lactating dairy cows

A

Chloramphenicol

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15
Q

Max SCC for grade B milk? Bacteria?

A

750,000

Bacteria: 1,00,000

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16
Q

2 issues with dry lot dairy

A

Heat stress from humidity

Loss of bicarb from salivating –> metabolic acidosis

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17
Q

Length of normal dry period

A

60d

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18
Q

Length of normal lactation

A

305d

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19
Q

Name one health issue in total confinement dairies

A

Infectious claw dz (hairy foot warts)

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20
Q

What can happen from having too much long fiber in a ration

A

They eat around it and eat all the grain –> rumen acidosis

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21
Q

What is considered one of the main health problems in camelids and goats

A

Heamonchus

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22
Q

Normal resting HR in cow

A

50-80bpm

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23
Q

What parasites cause D in camelids

A

Telodorsagia
Trichostrongylus
COCCIDIA (eimeria)

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24
Q

How much does a cow eat on a DMB

A

2-3% of her BW

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25
Q

Define NDF

A

Neutral detergent fiber
Measures most structural components in plant cells (lignin, hemicellulos, cellulos)

NOT pectin though

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26
Q

Define ADF

A

Acid detergent fiber

The least digestible fiber part of forage and roughage

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27
Q

What pathological process is present in this image

A

Lung consolidation (picture of hyperechoic spots)

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28
Q

Lung condition due to lush pasture

A

Fog fever

High tryptophan

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29
Q

One reason dairy cows are culled

A

Unproductive cow

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30
Q

2 main ingredients of TMR

A

Grain and silage

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31
Q

Desired length and width of free stall for comfort

A

9.6x4.1

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32
Q

How to confirm thin soles

A

Hoof testers

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33
Q

Foot problem due to manure accumulation

A

Infectious foot dz

in horses, thrush

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34
Q

How to control foot problems in dairy

A

Foot baths

Cu or formaldehyde

35
Q

What is component or slug feeding

A

grain and forage fed separately –> fed a lot of grain

36
Q

Lesion in image means

A

Comet tails

Small areas of edema and interstitial fibrosis

37
Q

Atrophic rhinitis in pigs

A

Bordetella

P. multocida

38
Q

“Red nose” etiology

A

IBR (herpes)

39
Q

Cause of oral necrobacillosis

A

F. necrophorum

40
Q

Predisposing cause of necrobacillosis

A

Overcrowding

Poor hygiene

41
Q

Bacteria that cause pharyngeal abscesses

A

C. psuedotuberculosis
Trueperella pyogenes
F. necrophorum

42
Q

80/20 rule

A

20% of population has 80% of the worms

43
Q

Refugia definition

A

Balance between resistance and susceptibility in a population (to meds)

Smart drenching is for this

44
Q

FAMACHA scores you should deworm with

A

3-5

45
Q

What % reduction should be achieved on fecal egg count to indicate no resistance

A

95%

46
Q

What vax should be included/routine in camelids

A

Clostridium C and D

47
Q

2 signs for molar floatation in camelids

A

Quidding
Feed retention
Bulge in cheeks

48
Q

Condition that results from high lignin content

A

Omasum impaction –> abomasal impaction

49
Q

2 fxns of primary cycle

A

Mix (ferment)
Absorb (VFA)
Empty

50
Q

Condition that –> pasty, semi-liquid stool

A

Ileus

51
Q

Absence of 1* cycle and lack of VFA results in

A

Ketosis

52
Q

Methane blue reduction test

A

Measures viable rumen bacteria

53
Q

2 color changes in rumen fluid

A

Milky gray –> rumen acidosis

Brown –> rumen alkalosis

54
Q

Sx approach for camelid castration

A

Pre scrotal

55
Q

External sign seen in alpaca with heat stress

A

Pre-scrotal edema

56
Q

Drugs for sedation/ax in camelids for castration

A

Xylazine
Torb
Ketamine

57
Q

Stage of pregnancy to dx in camelids

A

60d

58
Q

Common alpaca mites

A

Psoroptes –> ears

Chorioptes –> feet

59
Q

Routine vax in alpacas

A

Clostridium C and D

60
Q

Why does rumen become alkaline with rumen failure

A

No VFAs –>imbalance between saliva and VFAs –>

61
Q

How does anorexia lead to fermentation failure

A

No mixing –> microbes not fed –> die and release nitrogen –> alkaline

62
Q

What factors do you consider when transferring rumen fluid

A

Warm

Do it within 4 hours (quickly)

63
Q

A cow with fermentation failure has muscle fasciculations. What lyte is involved

A

K (hypoK)

64
Q

Metabolic process that prevents/tx ketosis due to rumen failure

A

Gluconeogenesis

65
Q

How do pain, fever, and endotoxemia

A

Neg feedback inhibits medulla

66
Q

What VFA is main precursor to glucose in body

A

Proprionic acid

67
Q

What VFA is fermented to make surge of proprionic acid at pH 5.5

A

Lactic acid

68
Q

What does 2* surge in proprionic acid result in

A

Trigycerides

69
Q

One ddx for sheep stargazing

A

Cerebral cortical necrosis

70
Q

Cause of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

A

Clostridium perfrnges type A

71
Q

Pathological change characteristic of clostridium

A

Hemorrhagic enterocolitis

72
Q

What neuro condition is associated wit SARA (sub acute rumenal acidosis)

A

Cerebral cortical necrosis

73
Q

Role of thiamine

A

Kreb’s cycle

74
Q

How does SARA affect thiamine

A

Bacteria produce thiaminases, like acidic environ. So SARA –> thiaminase

75
Q

Pathological effect of perilla mint

A

Emphysematous bullae (atypical pneumonia)

76
Q

Condition caused by lush gras

A

Fog fever

77
Q

How to tell if positive ballotment of L flank is rumen or abomasum?

A

Ping test on rumen

78
Q

Teat ulcers caused by

A

Leaky teat liners –> air emboli

79
Q

Problem with Cu sulfate foot bath

A

Environmental/disposal

80
Q

How much IgG in good colostrum

A

50g/L

81
Q

Name good tx for E mac (eimeria macusaniences)

A

Ponazuril

82
Q

Common cause of cown camelid

A

MENINGEAL WORM

Heat stroke

83
Q

How does amprolium predispose to cerebrocortical necrosis

A

Thiamine analog –> displaces thiamine

Cows (1 decks)

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