Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Care And Management Of Domestic Animals > Cows > Flashcards

Cows Flashcards

1
Q

Define bull

A

Intact male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define cow

A

Intact female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define steer

A

Male castrated young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define heifer

A

Young immature female, has not calved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define calf

A

Young cow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define herd

A

Group of cows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define freshening

A

Start of milk production after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define first calf heifer

A

Young heifer has only had one calf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are calf crates/hutches

A

Individual outdoor pens commonly used in the dairy industry

Good ventilation, separation, easy cleaning, easy access to door/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are calf barns

A

Not common in the dairy industry

Enclosed areas for groups of calves

Better for social interaction but harder to control disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should be measured daily on calves

A

Height
Weight
Average daily gain (ADG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When should colostrum first be given after birth, and how much should they have in the first day

A

Within 15 minutes

6L in the first day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is colostrum

A

First milk from mother with increased levels of blood proteins, vitamins, nutrients, minerals and maternal antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is passive immunity and how is it achieved in calves

A

Due to the underdeveloped abomasum and reticular groove which allows milk to bypass the rumen, omasum and reticulum, colostrum passes right into the abomasum and is absorbed into the blood stream (not broken down due to no stomach acid in abomasum)

This is the main level of immunity for a calve in the first days of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After 3 days of colostrum, what can calves be switched to, which is the most ideal and why

A

Whole milk, milk replacer, mastitis milk, fermented colostrum

Whole milk is most ideal for its high energy levels and balanced proteins, minerals and vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much milk should a cow get each day

What should they also have access to constantly and why

A

4L of milk each day

Access to solid feed and water -aids in weaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The faster the calf is eating solid feed the faster the ___ develops

A

Rumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the typical feeding regime for calves

A

Feeding to appetite for first 3-4 weeks

Switching to restricted milk diet until 8-9 weeks (have access to solid feed and water)

Weaned by 3-4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or false

Competition is a big problem in calves

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is competition reduced, what should you do in group housing

A

Reduced with individual housing

Consider restraints while feeding from a bottle vs a trough in groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Calves are considered weaned when

A

They are eating 1kg of calf starter a day (grain based mixture of feed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you stimulate rumen development

A

Solid feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Calves fed mostly milk with have

A

Slow rumen development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Things to aid in weaning

A

Offering concentrates/pelleted/roughage freely

Restricted milk diets

Offering water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Calves weaned on pasture show

A

Reduced growth rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When do you start weaning

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a good indication of rumen development

A

The presence of rumination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are purebred (seed stock) producers

A

Raise cattle with a breeding association with pedigrees and genetic merit documented to allow selective breeding

Replace heifers/bulls to increase genetic advancement in the industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are some needs for housing cows

A

Comfortability: clean dry bedding, access to cool/shady areas, weather protected

Chutes: large enough for large breeds and pregnant cows and have side walls that open

Walkways: kept free of sharp objects/rocks/holes to reduce injury

Traction throughout housing to prevent slipping

Draining systems to prevent hoof disease

Grooved rubber mats need more attention in cleaning to maintain air quality

30
Q

What are some rules for housing pregnant cows

A

Pregnant cows housed separately from calves

Different spaces for heifers and mature cows when nursing (bonding)

Area for confinement of calves

Good supply of clean dry bedding

31
Q

What is creep feeding

A

Offering supplemental feed to calves (where only calves can get it) to increase daily gain and weaning weight

32
Q

Feed for beef cattle mainly includes

A

Grass as a form of forage (increases growth rates)

33
Q

Forage reduces problems with

A

Rumen acidosis

34
Q

Dietary rations are adjusted to minimize risk of

A

Heat stress

35
Q

What are sandcracks and indication of

A

A diet lacking vitamins and minerals

36
Q

New animals to the feedlot get a ___% forage and ____% cereal grain diet for the first 7-10 days

A

60-70% forage

30-40% cereal grain

37
Q

How much water does a cow drink

A

10L/min

38
Q

Describe watering systems for cows

A

Should be cleaned one a week or more if needed

Should be easily accessible and easily cleaned

Water should be tested for quality

Checked daily for things like ice or debris

39
Q

What is the gestation period of cows

A

283 days with 40 days of recovery time postpartum until they can breed again

40
Q

estrus cycles are about ___ days with ovulation occurring at the start of it

How long will cows be in heat for

A

21 days

In heat for 24-36 hours (when breeding must occur)

41
Q

After birthing, how long should they wait to become pregnant again?

A

2 estrus cycles

42
Q

What is the main goal of weaning

A

To enable cow to calve every year

43
Q

What are the 2 stages of weaning calves

A

1: using anti-suckling nose paddles
2: after 4-7 days nose paddles are removed and calves are separated from dam

44
Q

When are beef calves weaned

A

7-8 months

Depends on health rather than age

45
Q

Why are beef calves weaned earlier (6months) in years of drought or poor feed supply

A

So they can recover from weaning before winter

46
Q

What happens if beef calves are weaned earlier than 5 months

A

Have severe setbacks but can perform well with a proper diet

47
Q

After weaning, what mixture is often given to beef calves

A

A mixture of grass/legume hay with balanced amount of grain

48
Q

After weaning, where are beef calves sold to

How much are they sold for

A

Sold to feed lots

Sold as price per pound or price per 100 pounds

49
Q

Calves may go right to the feedlot from producers, or light ones may go to

A

Stock feeders (backgrounding) programs where they are put on a high rough age diet through the winter to increase their weight before they go to the feedlot

50
Q

The last stage of meat production is

A

The feedlot

51
Q

Beef Calves are typically fed in feedlots for up to 4-7 months before

A

Being sent to the slaughter house

52
Q

What is backgrounding

A

Involves feeding and growing steers and heifers less than 1yo until they can enter the feedlot

Younger/lighter calves about 400-800 lbs are put on feeder rations (high roughage) to increase weight before going to the feedlot

Used to control weight gain and increase muscle and bone growth before fat

53
Q

What are stocker calves

A

Younger and lighter or have a lower condition than feeders and are usually allowed to feed on pasture

54
Q

In feedlots, calves are weaned around

A

6 months of age

55
Q

Calves live in backgrounding operations until they are ___ lbs or ___ months old then sent to feedlots

A

900lbs or 9-11 months old

56
Q

Cows live on feedlots for ___ and reach weights of ___ before being sent to slaughter

A

3-5 months

Weights of 1400-1500lbs

57
Q

Cows in feedlots are fed

A

Rations of grain and forage

58
Q

Depends on weather, temps, and health, calves will be transitioned between ___ days to a ___% forage ration which includes grains/minerals/supplements

A

Between 20-30 days to a 10-20% forage ration

59
Q

Why do rations change throughout time on feedlots

A

Change with their requirements and weights to enter the market

60
Q

Respiratory disease is the main cause of death in feedlots in the first ___ days after arriving

A

30-45 days

61
Q

Feedlot cows get a ___ tag along with a brand or another tag to identify individuals amount herds. This is to

A

RFID tag (government)

To track and provide records of health of animals and place of birth should any disease arise

62
Q

What are pen riders

A

Monitor and move calves through the feedlot operation

Also aid in detection of illnesses

63
Q

What is free stall housing

A

When groups of cows are loose within pens allowing them to roam freely

Should have individual resting areas, proper ventilation/shaded areas

64
Q

Advantages of free stall housing

A

Cleaner environment
Less expensive (bedding)
Greater easy for parlour use

65
Q

When is a cow introduced to a milking herd

When is she removed

A

After spending a few hours with her new calf

Removed for next breeding and returned after second calving

66
Q

How long does the cow stay in a milking herd

A

10 months

Removed 2 months before next calving

67
Q

How often can cows be milked

A

3 times a day max, dairy industry often does 2 times a day for comfort

68
Q

When are heifers first impregnated

A

Around 15 months of age

69
Q

What is a clean up bull

A

Kept to breed cows who have been unsuccessful with AI

70
Q

What is the gestation period of a dairy cow

A

280 days but can be longer with bulls

71
Q

When is the dry period and what is it

A

Around 60 days before calving the cow will stop milk production

Care And Management Of Domestic Animals (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions