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PHARMACOLOGY > COVID-19 > Flashcards

COVID-19 Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious disease caused by coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2

A

COVID-19

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2
Q

Pathogenesis of COVID-19?

A

Largely unknown; mimics SARS

Cytopathic to human airway and alveolar cells

Promotes release of cytokines, leading to inflammation of the pneumocytes

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3
Q

Route of Transmission of COVID 19?

A

respiratory droplets and contact

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4
Q

Clinical Features of COVID-19?

A

Incubation of 0-24 days (ave. of 5-7 days)

Average symptom onset of 5 to 6 days from exposure, with symptoms lasting 1 to 14 days

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5
Q

Complications of COVID-19?

A

ARDS, respiratory failure, liver injury, acute myocardial and kidney injury, septic shock, and multiple organ failure

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6
Q

Diagnostics of COVID-19?

A

molecular test (PCR) or a rapid antigen-detection test

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7
Q

Common Symptoms of COVID-19?

A

Fever
Chills
Sore throat

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8
Q

Preventive Measures of COVID-19?

A

-Social distancing
-Wearing of mask in crowded places
-Practicing hand hygiene
-Respiratory etiquette
-Vaccination and booster doses

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9
Q

Prevention of COVID-19?

A

COVID-19 vaccination

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10
Q

Side Effects of COVID-19 vaccination?

A

Happens within 7 days

Fever, chills, tiredness, and headache are more common after 2nd dose of vaccination

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11
Q

Adverse Events of COVID-19 vaccination?

A

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (males ages 12-39 years)

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12
Q

COVID-19 vaccines that are designed to teach our cells how to make a protein that triggers an adaptive immune response and safe during pregnancy

A

mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: Pfizer & Moderna

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13
Q

Uses a harmless virus which is altered to contain part of COVID-19’s genetic code

A

Pfizer/Moderna

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14
Q

Contains a synthetic version of part of COVID-19’s genetic code (mRNA)

A

Pfizer/Moderna

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15
Q

Contains a weakened or inactivated version of the COVID-19 virus

A

Johnson&Johnson(Janssen)

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16
Q

Uses pieces of the COVID-19 virus – sometimes fragments of the ‘spike’ protein

A

Novavax

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17
Q

Number of Doses for Pfizer

A

2 doses, 21 days apart

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18
Q

Number of Doses for Moderna

A

2 doses, 28 days apart

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19
Q

Number of Doses for Janssen

A

1 dose

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20
Q

Number of Doses for Novavax

A

2 doses, 21 days apart

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21
Q

Age approved for Pfizer?

A

6 months+

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22
Q

Age approved for Moderna?

A

6 months+

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23
Q

Age approved for Janssen

A

18 years+

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24
Q

Age approved for Novavax

25
Q

Pfizer’s Rate of Effectiveness

A

95%

86% in 65+

26
Q

Moderna’s Rate of Effectiveness

A

94.1%

86% in 65+

27
Q

Janssen’s Rate of Effectiveness

A

72%

86% against severe disease

28
Q

Novavax’s Rate of Effectiveness

A

90.4%

78.6 in 65+

29
Q

Emergency Use Authorization of Pfizer

A

Dec. 11, 2020

30
Q

Emergency Use Authorization of Moderna

A

Dec. 18, 2020

31
Q

Emergency Use Authorization of Janssen

A

Feb. 27, 2021

32
Q

Emergency Use Authorization of Novavax

A

July 12, 2022

33
Q

Type of Vaccine for Pfizer

34
Q

Type of Vaccine for Moderna

35
Q

Type of Vaccine for Janssen

A

Viral Vector

36
Q

Type of Vaccine for Novavax

A

Recombinant protein/adjuvants

37
Q

Most common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines mentioned

A

Fatigue, headache, chills, muscle pain

38
Q

Contraindication for Pfizer and Moderna

A

History of allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, or other vaccine ingredients

Allergic reaction to first dose

39
Q

Contraindication for Janssen

A

History of severe reaction to vaccine ingredients, risk of rare blood clot in women under 50

40
Q

A version of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that has evolved and changed shape, which can alter its behavior

A

Viral Variant

41
Q

The immune response generated by vaccination or infection activates:

B cells which make highly specific antibodies that bind to the virus and stop it entering your cells.

T cells which can stimulate B cells and kill infected cells

42
Q

Antibodies that aren’t as good at recognizing variant’s shape so the virus can cause an infection

A

IMMUNE EVASION

43
Q

COVID-19 CLINICAL PATHWAY

A

C.A.R.E

Confirm
Assess
Respond
Evaluate

44
Q

Five RIGHTS of Drug Administration

A

Right Medication
Right Patient
Right Dose
Right Time
Right Route

45
Q

Strongly Recommended Drugs for patient at High Risk with Non-severe COVID

A

Nirmatrelvir
Ritonavir

46
Q

Weakly Recommended Drugs for patient at High Risk with Non-severe COVID

A

Molnupiravir
Remdesivir

47
Q

Weakly Recommended Drugs for patient at Moderate Risk with Non-severe COVID

A

Nirmatrelvir
Ritonavir

48
Q

Weakly Against Drugs for patient at Moderate Risk with Non-severe COVID

A

Molnupiravir
Remdesivir

49
Q

Strongly Against Drugs for patient at Low Risk with Non-severe COVID

A

Molnupiravir
Remdesivir

50
Q

Strongly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Severe COVID

A

Corticosteroids
Tocilizumab (IL-6
Receptor Blockers)
Baricitinib (JAK
Inhibitors)

51
Q

Weakly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Severe COVID

A

Ruxolitinib and
Tofacitinib (JAK
Inhibitors)

Remdesivir

52
Q

Strongly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Critical COVID

A

Corticosteroids
Tocilizumab (IL-6
Receptor Blockers)
Baricitinib (JAK
Inhibitors)

53
Q

Weakly Recommended Drugs for a patient with Critical COVID

A

Ruxolitinib and
Tofacitinib (JAK
Inhibitors)

Remdesivir

54
Q

Weakly Against Drugs for a patient with Critical COVID

A

Remdesivir

55
Q

Drugs not for treatment
and only used for
research settings:

A

Ivermectin
Fluvoxamine
Convalescent Plasma
VV116

56
Q

Drugs that are not recommended for treatment:

A

Colchicine
Hydroxychloroquine
Lopinavir-ritonavir
Casirivimab and imdevimab
Sotrovimab

57
Q

Adverse Events for Remdesivir

A

Acute kidney injury, increase liver enzymes, hypotension, arrhythmia, thrombotic events, acquired infection (sepsis), seizures

58
Q

Adverse Events for Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir

A

Acute kidney injury, thrombotic events, bleeding, acquired infection (sepsis)

59
Q

Adverse Events for Molnupiravir

A

Acute kidney injury, thrombotic events, bleeding, hypertension

PHARMACOLOGY (1 decks)

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