COVID-19 Flashcards
Which of the following is a virus vectored vaccine?
a. Pfizer-BioNTech
b. Moderna
c. Oxford-AstraZeneca
d. Johnson & Johnson
e. Novavax
Oxford-AstraZeneca
Johnson & Johnson
Virus vectored vaccines use a viral vector to deliver the genetic material which encode the antigen into the host. The antigen triggers an immune response without causing an infection. The Oxford-Astrazeneca vaccine uses a modified chimpanzee adenovirus (CdAdOx1), while J & J uses the human Adenovirus as delivery system. Both vaccines deliver DNA coding for the coronavirus Spike protein.
Which of the following is a subunit vaccine?
a. Pfizer-BioNTech
b. Moderna
c. Oxford-AstraZeneca
d. Johnson & Johnson
e. Novavax
Novavax
Novavax is a protein subunit vaccine where the protein is produced in Sf9 insect cells and conjugated to matric which functions as an adjuvant. Thet are considered very safe because the components do not propagate or cause disease. However, they are complex and expensive to manufacture requiring enhanced hygiene conditions to prevent contamination.
Which of the above uses a novel technology never employed before (at that time)?
a. Pfizer-BioNTech
b. Moderna
c. Oxford-AstraZeneca
d. Johnson & Johnson
e. Novavax
Pfizer
Moderna
Both a and b are based on a major technological advancement of using messenger RNA to encode and deliver the antigen. Advantages include being non-infectious abd non-integrating. Thay are also cheap to produce, scalable, adaptable at short notice and can target both infectious (e.g. COVID-19, Zika, influenza) and non-infectious diseases (e.g cancer). The main challenge is transport and storage requiring <-70°C temperatures.
What tools are used to battle COVID-19?
What steps in vaccine development did the covid vaccine skip?
What kinds of vaccine were each of the following COVID vaccines?
- Pfizer-BioNTech
- Moderna
- Gamaleya
- Oxford-AstraZeneca
- Novavax
- Sinopharm
What were the challenges in COVID vaccine development/use?
