Covid-19 Flashcards
are a family of viruses known for containing strains that cause potentially deadly diseases in mammals and birds
Coronaviruses
In humans they’re typically spread via airborne droplets of fluid produced by infected individuals
Coronaviruses
four known genuses in the family
Alphacoronavirus
Betacoronavirus
Gammacoronavirus
Deltacoronavirus
first two only infect mammals, including bats, pigs, cats, and humans
Alphacoronavirus
Betacoronavirus
mostly infects birds such as poultry
Gammacoronavirus
can infect both birds and mammals.
Deltacoronavirus
COVID-19 is the illness that presents on being infected by a deadly coronavirus called
SARS-CoV-2
originally suspected as a potential source for the outbreak, though other experts have deemed this unlikely and proposed bats as a reservoir instead
Snake
This SARS-related virus was first identified in the Chinese city
Wuhan
have been implicated as a potential link in the transfer chain
Pangolins
was first recognised as a distinct strain of coronavirus in 2003. The source of the virus has never been clear, though the first human infections can be traced back to the Chinese province of Guangdong in 2002
SARS
The virus then became a pandemic, causing more than 8,000 infections of an influenza-like disease in 26 countries with close to 800 deaths.
SARS
was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 in people displaying symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath and occasionally gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhoea
MERS
An animal source for the virus has never been officially confirmed, though evidence points to dromedary camels as a potential reservoir of infection.
MERS
Prevention
Many of the things you do to help prevent colds and the flu can help protect you against other respiratory viruses, including COVID-19:
(WACCSGE)
Wash your hands often with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
Clean things that are frequently touched (like doorknobs and countertops) with household cleaning spray or wipes.
Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze. Use a tissue or your inner elbow, not your hands.
Stay home if you are sick and avoid close contact with others.
Get vaccinated.
Even if you do not have symptoms, stay home as much as you can and practice social distancing if you must go out. That’s because you can be sick with COVID-19 and spread the illness to others as much as 48 hours before you have symptoms.
People can spread COVID-19 up to 48 hours before they have symptoms. Unvaccinated individuals, and others at higher risk from COVID-19, can help protect themselves by practicing
Social Distancing
Now that businesses are open, schools have in-person learning, and many employees are heading to work outside of their home, here are some tips to keep safe while you’re around others:
Keep your distance. For unvaccinated individuals, and others at higher risk from COVID-19, six feet or more is best. Try an “air hug” or wave to greet people. Give people their space.
Keep it outside. Good air flow can help reduce the spread of the virus through respiratory droplets.
Mask up. All unvaccinated residents, and others at higher risk from COVID-19, are recommended to continue to wear face-coverings in indoor settings and when they can’t socially distance. Masks will continue to be required for both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals at all times in certain locations that include public transportation and medical facilities.
Keep it flowing. When you are indoors, have good airflow by opening a window or door. You can use a fan in a window to increase airflow.
Keep it small. Limit the number of people you are with. This helps to avoid “superspreader” events.
Keep it short. Limit the amount of time you spend with others; the shorter the better (even if you are outdoors).
Wash your hands. When you touch things other people touch, make sure you wash your hands thoroughly or use hand sanitizer. Plus, once you take off your mask, you’ll want clean hands.
Plan ahead. Going out to eat? To the gym? Or planning to have guests? Check out CDC’s guidelines for more recommendations.
options specific to this novel coronavirus are still being developed and evaluated
Treatment
approved the use of several antibody treatments for early mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in high-risk patients
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
used to treat other types of viruses are being used but their efficacy is not known at this time.
Antiviral medications
Currently, there are COVID-19 vaccines authorized for emergency use for the prevention of COVID-19 disease:
Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)
Ingestion of toxin produced outside the body (in vitro) by a pathogen
MICROBIAL INTOXICATION
Colonization of the body by a pathogen.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
The superficial epithelial portion of the skin
Epidermis
