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Chemistry 2 DP > Covalent Bonding Quiz Review > Flashcards

Covalent Bonding Quiz Review Flashcards

Reviewing for my first chem test of the year :) 2024

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1
Q

Metals tend to have _____ valence e-

A

Less

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2
Q

Non-Metals tend to have _____ valence e-

A

More

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3
Q

What is an Ion?

A

Negatively or Positively charged atoms

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4
Q

Cation? Anion?

A

Cation: Positively charged atom
Anion: Negatively charged atom
Think cat and onion

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5
Q

Metals will lose electrons to form ____

A

Positive Ions

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6
Q

Non-Metals will gain electrons to form ____

A

Negative Ions

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7
Q

What is the Octect Rule?

A

Tendency for an atom to have a valence shell of 8 electrons

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8
Q

Notation for Ions?

A

The number is ALWAYS written first! Ex: Mg^2+

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9
Q

Notation for Oxidation?

A

The charge is ALWAYS written first! Ex: O^+2

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10
Q

Is this written correctly? Li^+1

A

NO! It’s dumb to show the number 1 right next to the charge. It’s like saying 1x in math. Like we know there’s one x….

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11
Q

What is a polyatomic Ion??

A

Ions that consist of more than one atom

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12
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When valence electrons are shared between two NON-METAL atoms

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13
Q

Why do atoms share valence electrons?

A

To fulfill their octet (Octect Rule)

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14
Q

When 2 hydrogen atoms overlap, where is their bond located?

A

S orbital

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15
Q

When should I use the word molecule?

A

Only associated to elements and compound bonded COVALENTLY. Group of atoms that can exist covalently!

EX: CO2 molecules in a fire extinguisher- they all exist separately from each other.

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16
Q

Ionic compounds are found in a _____ ______ structure

A

crystal lattice

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17
Q

All of our Diatomic molecules are ____ bonded

A

Covalently

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18
Q

Name some diatomic molecules!

A

I Bought Chairs For Our New Home!
Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine, Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen
EXIST AS PAIRS!!!! (so H2, Br2, F2)

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19
Q

Molecular Compounds are divided into 2 categories. Name them

A

Organic and Inorganic

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20
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

Must have carbon present. Usually, carbon bonded to hydrogen. Carbon is an attention seeker smh…

21
Q

What is an inorganic compound?

A

May have carbon present, but NOT bonded to hydrogen!

22
Q

How do you name Covalent compounds?

A

put the prefix in front of the root of the element. The prefix refers to how many we have of that element. The name always ends in “-ide”.

Ex. P2O5 is diphosphorus pentaoxide

23
Q

Name all the prefixes used in covalent compounds :)

A

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octo, nona, deca

24
Q

What is Bond Strength?

A

(bond enthalpy)- amount of energy needed to break the bond between atoms

25
Q

Strongest-Weakest bond strength

A

Strongest: Triple bond
Eh: Double
Weakest: Single bond

26
Q

Larger atoms have ____ bonds

A

weaker

27
Q

What is Bond length?

A

distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

Don’t confuse it with atomic radius. Atomic radius is the distance of the outer valence electrons from the nuclei.

28
Q

Longest- Shortest bond length

A

Longest- single bonds
Eh- Double
SHortest- Triple bonds

29
Q

Trend of Bond length?

A

Down a group: bond gets longer
Across a period: bonds get shorter

30
Q

What are Lewis Structures often called?

A

Electron dot diagram

31
Q

What do Lewis Structures represent?

A

They represent the bonding in a molecule!

32
Q

What do lines and dots/x represent in a Lewis structure?

A

Line: bonded electrons
Dots/x: electrons

33
Q

Go through the steps of drawing lewis structures (binary)

A
  1. Calculate the total number of valence electrons
  2. Draw the skeletal structure to show how atoms are linked to each other
  3. Add remaining electrons to atoms that don’t have complete valence shell (usually 8 per atom)
  4. Check to make sure all atoms have a full octet and the correct total count
34
Q

Go through the steps of drawing lewis structures (non-binary)

A
  1. Same steps as binary
  2. BUT determine which is the central atom
  3. Central atom is closest to the LEFT of the ptable
  4. HYDROGEN WILL NEVER BE A CENTRAL ATOM
  5. Usually the lowest multiple atom (H2S -> would be sulfur because there’s two hydrogen)
  6. Commonly, the atom written first
  7. BTW carbon is an attention seeker so pick him as the central atom if he is in the molecule :)
35
Q

Resonance is what?

A

When there are multiple ways to draw a covalent bond. Try to include all ways if they ask, but you can demonstrate with a dotted line.

36
Q

What is a Coordinate Bond?

A

Bonds where both of the electrons were donated by one of the atoms in the bond

37
Q

VSEPR stands for?

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. Pairs of electrons around atom repel each other.

38
Q

What are the two electron domains?

A

Bonding domains (electrons in bonds) and Non-bonding domains (lone pairs)

39
Q

How do you find the VSEPR thing?

A
  1. Count all the atoms the central atom is bonded to
  2. Count the lone pairs of the central atom
  3. add both
  4. total of 4 is tetrahedral (electron domain geometry). BUT for Molecular geometry….Even # of lone pairs and bonding domains, bent V shape. 3 bonding paris and 1 lone pair, trigonal pyramidal. only 4 bonding domains is just a tetrahedral
  5. total of 3 is trigonal (Electron domain geometry). Molecular geometry…. 2 bonding domains and 1 lone pair, bent v shape. just 3 bonding domains, trigonal planar
  6. total of 2 is linear (electron domain geometry). Molecular geometry…. it’s just linear
40
Q

Tell me some angles!

A

Bonding domains-lone pairs
4-0: 109.5
3-1:107.8
2-2: 104.5
3-0: 120
2-1: <120
2-0: 180
Electron domain geometry
Tetrahedral are usually 104.5-109.5
Trigonal is either 120 or <120
Linear is always 180

41
Q

Electronegativity?

A

How easily it is for an atom to steal an electron (how good of a theif an atom can be lol)

42
Q

Electronegativity is measured on the ____ scale. From 0-___.

A

Pauling from 0-4.0

43
Q

> 1.8 is ____
0.5-1.7 is ____ _____
0.1-0.4 is _____ _____
0 is ____ _____

A

Ionic, Polar covalent, Non-polar covalent, pure covalent

44
Q

Electronegativity Difference Values is …

A

IN THE IB DATA BOOKLET

45
Q

The right side of ptable is ____ electronegative

A

more

46
Q

FONClBrSH is what?

A

Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Bromine, Sulfur, Hydrogen

Order from highest to lowest electronegativity

47
Q

Polar bond?

A

Asymmetrical
0.4-1.7

48
Q

Non-Polar bond

A

Symmetrical
0.1-0.4

49
Q

Positive elements are more to the ____. Negative elements are more to the _____

A

Left, Right
(When doing that intro to Polarity)

Chemistry 2 DP (1 decks)

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