Covalent Bonding

Question 1

bonding pairs

Answer 1

shared pairs of valence electrons

Question 2

non-bonding pairs or lone pairs

Answer 2

unshared pairs of valence electrons

Question 3

organic molecules

Answer 3

those made primarily of carbon and hydrogen, with oxygen and nitrogen being common additions. IN these molecules, it’s very common for the carbon atoms to form long chains (and rings )with each, with the other elements sticking off to the side (they can also be part of the ring).

Question 4

VSEPR theory

Answer 4

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory.
* When atoms are covalently bonded together, bonding electron pairs (valence electrons) are held in between the two positive nuclei due to electrostatic attractions.
* The electrons pair that are not involved in covalent bonds are called lone pairs.
* While electron pairs are held between the 2 nuclei bonding together, the exact orientation (position) of the bonding and nonbonding electron pairs around an atom can change.
* since all electron pairs are negatively charged, they repel each other as far apart as possible around a central atom
*the orientation of atoms in a molecule or larger covalent structure, and the exact angle between them, can be predicted based on the number of electron domains surrounding a given atom and simple geometry

Question 5

electron domains

Answer 5

the regions around an atom where negative charge is located. the following count as 1 electron domain:
* single bond
* double bond
*triple bond
* lone pair

Question 6

electron domain geometry

Answer 6

the shape of the electron domains, including nonbonding electron pairs, around a given atom

Question 7

molecular geometry

Answer 7

only describe the shapes of atoms, ignoring the locations of the lone pairs