Covalent Bonding Flashcards
Where are the non-metals located on the periodic table?
Mostly on the right, past the poor/post-transition metals. Hydrogen is often placed above lithium, or in the middle, not bordering on anything.
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of a chemical element.
What does
A\/
Z/\ (i.e. ‘X’)
mean?
It is atomic notation — a simple way to show the amount of particles in an atom of an element.
What does the ‘A’ in ‘AZX’ mean?
The mass or nucleon number. It shows us the amount of particles in the nucleus. [NB: actually written like A\/ Z/\ ]
What does the ‘Z’ in ‘AZX’ mean?
The atomic or proton number. It shows us the amount of protons and neutrons in an atom. There must be the same amount in order for there to be a neutral charge overall. [NB: actually written like A\/ Z/\ ]
What does the ‘X’ in ‘AZX’ mean?
The element. [NB: actually written like A\/ Z/\ ]
What is the charge of the nucleus?
Positive.
What is the charge of protons?
Positive.
What is the charge of neutrons?
Neutral.
What is the charge of electrons?
Negative.
How is an atom’s electronic configuration determined?
The electronic amount in its outer shell.
Which group does H belong to?
Hydrogen belongs to no group — it has one electron (in its outer shell).
Which group does He belong to?
Helium. Group 0/8 — the noble gases.
Why does group 0/8 have two names?
Most of the elements have eight electrons in their outer shells (i.e. full shells); however, He has two (which is still a full shell); therefore, it is sometimes termed ‘group 0’ to avoid confusion.
Which group does B belong to?
Boron. Group 3.
Which group does C belong to?
Carbon. Group 4.
Which group does N belong to?
Nitrogen. Group 5.
Which group does O belong to?
Oxygen. Group 6.
Which group does F belong to?
Fluorine. Group 7 — the halogens.
Which group does Ne belong to?
Neon. Group 0/8 — the noble gases.
