Covalent bond 3

Question 1

electrical conductivity of molecular substances

Answer 1

● Most simple molecular substances do not conduct electricity as they do not
contain mobile charges (lack of mobile ions and delocalised electrons.

● However, aqueous acids can conduct electricity as the molecules can dissociate
in water to give mobile ions.

Question 2

boiling and melting points of molecular substances

Answer 2

● Generally low due to the weak intermolecular forces.

● Depending on the type of intermolecular force as well as the molecular mass.

● Relative strengths:
London dispersion force < Dipole-dipole attractions < Hydrogen bonding

Question 3

what are organic compounds

Answer 3

● Large separate group of covalent compounds which are composed of carbon
and hydrogen atoms.

● The carbon chain serves as the skeleton of the molecules.

● Some organic compounds also contain oxygen, nitrogen, halogens and/or
sulphur atoms too.

● Carbon compounds that are not classified as organic compounds: carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, hydrogencarbonates, and cyanides.

Question 4

IUPAC Nomenclature structure

Answer 4

substituent - name of carbon chain - name of functional group

Question 5

what is functional group

Answer 5

Functional group - an atom or a group of atoms which governs the properties of the
compound.

The smallest number should be assigned to indicate its position on the carbon chain.

Question 6

alkanes

Answer 6

functional group not specific
-ane

Question 7

alkenes

Answer 7

functional group has C=C double bond
-ene

Question 8

alcohols

Answer 8

functional group has OH
-ol
e.g. propanol

Question 9

carboxylic acid

Answer 9

functional group has COOH
-oic acid

Question 10

what name of carbon chain refers to

Answer 10

● Number the carbon atoms in the chosen carbon chain, provided a smaller number should be assigned to the functional group.

● Name the functional group along with its
position.

Question 11

carbon chain 1-6

Answer 11

meth-
eth-
prop-
but-
pent-
hex-

Question 12

how to write substituent

Answer 12

1. Name each substituent.
2. Arrange the substituents in an alphabetical
   order.
3. State the number of its position along the
   carbon chain.
4. Multiplying prefix should be added for several identical substituents being present.

Question 13

substituent number 2-4

Answer 13

di
tri
tetra