Court Cases Continued

Question 1

Lochner v. New York

Answer 1

The Court established a general right to enter freely into contracts as part of business, including the right to purchase and sell labor. The decision made it more difficult for unions to form.

Question 2

Korematsu v. United States

Answer 2

The Court allowed the U.S. government to intern Japanese-Americans in concentration camps during WWII as a safeguard against insurrection or spying.

Question 3

Brandenburg v. Ohio

Answer 3

The Court ruled that inflammatory speech may not be punished by government unless it is likely to incite imminent lawless action.

Question 4

Kelo v. City of New London

Answer 4

The Court upheld the power of local government to seize property for economic development.

Question 5

Boumediene v. Bush

Answer 5

The Court declared that foreign terrorism suspects have the constitutional right to challenge their detention (using the writ of habeas corpus) at the Guantanamo Bay naval base in U.S. courts, even though the detainees are not citizens.

Question 6

U.S. v. Lopez

Answer 6

forbidding individuals from knowingly carrying a gun in a school zone

Question 7

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 7

Case about campaign spending by organizations. SCOTUS voted yes, 1st Amendment protects right of organizations to make independent political expenditures. SCOTUS upheld disclosure requirements. Expenditures must be reported to FEC

Question 8

Near v. Minnesota (1931)

Answer 8

set a high legal threshold for government prior restraint

Question 9

Barron v. Baltimore

Answer 9

The city of Baltimore had been disposing of sand and gravel near a wharf owned by John Barron, rendering the wharf commercially useless
Barron sued the city of Baltimore of the Fifth Amendment grounds that he had been deprived of property without compensation
The Supreme Court ruled against Barron, stating that the Fifth Amendment

Question 10

Lemon v Kurtzman (1971).

Answer 10

The Lemon test: Government can be involved with religion if
it has a secular purpose
its effect is neither to advance nor inhibit religion
it does not create excessive entanglement between government and religious institutions

Question 11

McDonald v Chicago

Answer 11

Court Struck down Chicago gun regulation, applied 2nd Am. to states

Question 12

Lawrence v. Texas

Answer 12

Court reversed Bowers v. Hardwick, ruled that state laws banning private sexual activity between consenting adults violated right to privacy

Question 13

Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)

Answer 13

Court upheld some regulations on abortions as long as the regulations did not create an “undue burden”

Question 14

Gonzalez v. Oregon

Answer 14

the Court upheld an Oregon law that allowed doctors to assist terminally ill patients seeking to end their lives

Question 15

Swann v. Charlottee-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)

Answer 15

Busing is a legal solution to desegregating public schools

Question 16

Miliken v. Bradley (1974)

Answer 16

Schools not required to eliminate de facto segregation, only de sure segregation

Question 17

Griggs v. Duke Power (1971)

Answer 17

the Court put the burden on employers to show that an employment to show that an employment policy whose effect is discriminatory, even if discrimination was not the intent of the policy, is a “business necessity”

Question 18

Ledbetter v. Goodyear

Answer 18

The Court ruled a charge of discrimination must be brought within 180 days of the time the discrimination was alleged to have occurred