Court Cases Flashcards
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings, due process clause of the 14th amendment.
New York Times v. United States (1971)
1st amendment freedom of press, pentagon papers, censorship of government “clear and present danger.
Brown v. Board of Education 1st (1954)
School segregation is unconstitutional, segregation is damaging to African Americans, over turned separate but equal.
Brown v. Board of Education 2nd (1955)
Ordered schools to desegregate with all due and deliberate.
Baker v. Carr (1962)
“One man, one vote” voting equality.
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
No racial gerrymandering, race cannot be the sole predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Ruled that a woman’s decision to have an abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy fell under the right of privacy.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Gave the Supreme Court power to review and overturn acts by the congress or the president that conflict with the constitution. Judicial review.
McCullough v. Maryland (1819)
Established national supremacy established implied powers, use of elastic clause. “The power to tax the power to destroy.”
U.S v. Lopez (1995)
Gun free school zones act exceeded congress authority to regulate interstate commerce.
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Applying the bill of rights to the states, cannot deny freedom of speech protected through due process clause of the 14th amendment.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Role of government toward religion under the first amendment. New York State prayer, establishment cause vs exercise clause.
Schenck v United States (1919)
“Clear and present danger” test; shouting fire in a crowded theater limits on free speech especially in wartime.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Established the first amendment protections of free symbolic speech, students wore black armbands to school to protest the war in Vietnam; symbolic speech in public schools could be punished, but only if it disrupts the educational process.
Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
The government may not ban political spending by corporations in candidate elections, campaign donations=political speech and covered by the first amendment.
