court cases

Question 1

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 1

Congress had the power to establish a national bank and the state (Maryland) did not have the power to tax branches of the federal government that are carrying out powers legal in the constitution. NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE

Question 2

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 2

Established the principle of judicial review- the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional.

Question 3

United States v. Lopez

Answer 3

Ruled that the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was unconstitutional because the US Congress had exceeded its authority under the COMMERCE CLAUSE of the Constitution.

Question 4

Baker v. Carr

Answer 4

Ruled that the federal courts have the authority to enforce the 14th amendment if the state legislative districts are disproportionately populated.

Question 5

Shaw v. Reno

Answer 5

Ruled that using racial reasons for redistricting is unconstitutional. EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE

Question 6

Engel v. Vitale

Answer 6

Ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE of the first amendment.

Question 7

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Answer 7

Ruled that Wisconsin’s compulsory school attendance law was unconstitutional as applied to the Amish because it violated the FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE of the first amendment.

Question 8

Tinker v. Des Moines

Answer 8

High court agreed that students’ free rights should be protected and said “students don’t shed their constitutional rights at the school house gates”

Question 9

Schenck v. United States

Answer 9

Freedom of speech protection from the first amendment could be restricted if the words spoken/printed showed a “clear and present danger” to society

Question 10

New York Times v. United States

Answer 10

Ruling made it possible for the NYTs and Washington Post to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship

Question 11

McDonald v. Chicago

Answer 11

The right of people to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments as well as the federal government. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE

Question 12

Gideon v. Wainwright

Answer 12

Court held that it was consistent with the Constitution to require state courts to appoint attorneys for defendants who couldn’t afford their own. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE

Question 13

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 13

Ruled that separating children in public schools based off of race was unconstitutional. EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE

Question 14

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 14

The first amendment prohibits limits on corporate funding of independent broadcasts in candidate elections