Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body > Course Objectives > Flashcards

Course Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

State the Levels of Organisation within the body:

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. System
  6. Organismal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

Define the anatomical position

A

The anatomical position is when a patient is standing upright facing the observer with their feet flat on the ground, palms facing towards the observer as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

Identify the planes through which the body can be cut for examination

A

Frontal
Transverse
Mid Sagittal
Para Sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

Name the body cavities and their boundaries

A

Cranial - skull / cranial bones
Vertebral - vertebral bones
Thoracic - sternum, ribs & diaphragm
Abdominal - diaphragm, sacrum, pubic symphysis, abdominal muscles, lumbar vertebrae
Pelvic - sacrum, pubic symphysis, pelvic floor muscles, pelvic bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HOMEOSTASIS

What is homeostasis

A

Homeostasis is a balanced equilibrium throughout the body, when there is an imbalance the body goes through a process to bring the body back to equilibrium/balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HOMEOSTASIS

What is the role of negative feedback

A

Negative feedback detects an imbalance throughout the body and responds to the change, then will return the body back to it’s set condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

List the 6 stages of the chain of infection model:

A
  1. infectious agent
  2. reservoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. mode of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. susceptible hosts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

What are standard precautions?

A

Standard precautions are a set of infection control measures that are put into place in a clinical setting to protect the patients and staff from contracting any type of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms?

A

Prokaryote:
- bacteria
- unicellular
- one long strand of DNA
- no organelles

Eukaryote:
- membrane bound nucleus
- animal, plant, fungi etc
- multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Difference between a genus and species name

A

Genus:
- first part of the name
- large number of molecules

Species:
- second part of the name
- fewer molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

How can bacteria be: harmful, beneficial or opportunistic:

A

Harmful: pathogenic - disease causing microorganism

Beneficial: help to prevent infection

Opportunistic: isn’t generally pathogenic but may do when under particular circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the capsule:

A
  • protection from pathogenic bacteria (phagocytosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the cell wall:

A
  • protection
  • structural support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the cell membrane:

A
  • allow molecules to enter and exit the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the ribosomes

A
  • synthesise proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the chromosome

A
  • contain the cells genetic information
17
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the plasmid

A
  • carry genes for antibiotic resistance
18
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the pili/fimbrae

A
  • attaching to surfaces
  • transferring genetic information to other cells
19
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the flagellum

A
  • movement
20
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Describe the main function/s of the endospore

A
  • acts as a dormant/resting cell
21
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

List the main characteristics of yeasts

A
  • unicellular
  • reproduce by budding or formation of spores
    found in soil, water and fruits/veges
22
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

List the characteristics of moulds:

A
  • multicellular
  • reproduce by hyphal extension or formation of spores
  • found on food, soil, water
23
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Briefly describe what a superficial fungal infection is and give an example:

A

A superficial fungal infection means it occurs on the outer parts of the body
- e.g. tinea pedis (athletes foot), tinea corporis (ringworm)

24
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Briefly describe what a systemic fungal infection is and give an example of one:

A

A systemic fungal infection affects the tissues and organs deep within the body
- e.g. aspergillosis

25
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

Briefly describe what an opportunistic fungal infection is and give an example of one:

A

An opportunistic fungal infection is caused by fungi that are usually harmless.
- e.g. vaginal or oral thrush

26
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

List the distinguishing characteristics of protozoa:

A
  • eukaryote cell
  • mostly unicellular
  • usually found in soil or water
  • ingest food and digests within the cell
  • is classified by the way they move
    e.g. flagella - propels cell through watery environments
    cilia - move in synchronised waves to propel cell
    pseudopodia - moves by extending the cell membrane
27
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

3 examples of protozoan diseases that can occur in humans

A
  • malaria
  • giardiasis
  • toxoplasmosis
28
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

List the stages in virus replication

A
  • attachment
  • entry
  • uncoating
  • replication
  • assembly
  • release
29
Q

INTRODUCTION TO MICROORGANISMS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS/MICROBES - STEP 1

List 3 examples of viral infections

A
  • coronavirus
  • tonsilitis
  • chickenpox
30
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION
STEPS 2-6

Define portal of entry

A

Portal of entry:

Portal of entry: is the path by which an infectious microbe gains entry into a new host

31
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION
STEPS 2-6

Define the portal of exit:

A

Portal of exit: a place where the organism leaves the reservoir

Human Body (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions