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Ap Government Exam Review > Course-notes > Flashcards

Course-notes Flashcards

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1
Q

The ability of one person to cause another
person to act in accordance with the
first person’s intentions

A

power

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2
Q

Power when used to determine who will
hold government office and how
government will behave

A

political power

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3
Q

The right to exercise political power

A

authority

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4
Q

The widely-shared perception that something

or someone should be obeyed

A

legitimacy

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5
Q

Conferring political power on those selected

by the voters in competitive elections

A

representative democracy

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6
Q

Term for the Greek city-state

A

polis

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7
Q

An identifiable group of people with a
disproportionate share of political
power

A

elite (political)

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8
Q

A political system in which the choices of
the political leaders are closely
constrained by the preferences of the
people

A

majoritarian politics

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9
Q

A philosopher who defined democracy as the

“rule of the many”

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

A theory that government is merely a
reflection of underlying economic
forces

A

Marxist Theory

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11
Q

A sociologist who presented the idea of a mostly nongovernmental power elite

A

Mills

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12
Q

Individual who worried the new government he helped to create would be too democratic

A

Hamilton

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13
Q

A sociologist who emphasized the
phenomenon of bureaucracy in
explaining political developments

A

Weber

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14
Q

A political system in which local citizens are
empowered to govern themselves
directly

A

community control

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15
Q

A political system in which those affected by
a governmental program must be
permitted to participate in the
program’s formulation

A

citizen participation

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16
Q

A North American approximation of direct

or participatory democracy

A

New England town meeting

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17
Q

A theory that no one interest group

consistently holds political power

A

pluralist theory

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18
Q

Structures of authority organized around

expertise and specialization

A

bureaucracy

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19
Q

An economist who defined democracy as the
competitive struggle by political
leaders for the people’s vote

A

Schumpeter

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20
Q

A theory that appointed civil servants make

the key governing decisions

A

bureaucratic theory

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21
Q

A term used to describe three different
political systems in which the people
are said to rule, directly or indirectly

A

democracy

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22
Q

A political system in which all or most
citizens participate directly by either
holding office or making policy

A

direct or participatory democracy

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23
Q

A theory that a few top leaders make the key
decisions without reference to popular
desires

A

elitist theory

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24
Q

It took the national government many years to implement just a fraction of the
bipartisan homeland security policies and programs.

A

True

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25
Q

Politics exists in part because people differ about who should govern and the ends
toward which they work.

A

true

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26
Q

Federal income taxes were higher in 1935 than they are today.

A

False In 1935, about 96 percent of all Americans paid no federal income tax whatsoever. Today
almost all families pay about 21 percent of their incomes.

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27
Q

Most people holding political power in the United States today are middle-class,
middle-aged, white Protestant males.

A

true

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28
Q

Constitutional amendments giving rights to African Americans and women passed by
large majorities.

A

true

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29
Q

It is easy to discern political power at work.

_____________________________________________________

A

False Sometimes is exercised in subtle ways that may not even be evident to those who are
exercising it.

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30
Q

The text suggests that, increasingly, matters that were once considered “public”
become “private,” and beyond the scope of governmental action.
______________________________________________________________________

A

False Increasingly matters once thought to be “private” are becoming “public.”

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31
Q

In the 1950s the federal government would have displayed little or no interest in a
university refusing applicants

A

True

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32
Q

Much of American political history has been a struggle over what constitutes legitimate
authority.

A

True

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33
Q

Aristotle thought of democracy as the “rule of the many.”

A

True

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34
Q

Alexander Hamilton worried that the new government would not be democratic
enough.

A

False Hamilton worried just the opposite, that it would be too democratic.

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35
Q

Everyone in the ancient Greek city-state was eligible to participate in government

A

False Slaves, women, minors and those without property were excluded from participation.

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36
Q

The New England town meeting approximates the Aristotelian ideal.

A

True

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37
Q

Some writers of the Constitution opposed democracy on the grounds that the people
would be unable to make wise decisions.

A

True

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38
Q

Democracy as used in this book refers to the rule of the many.

A

False The text uses Joseph Schumpter’s definition of representative democracy, not direct
democracy.

39
Q

The Framers of the Constitution did not think that the “will of the people” was
synonymous with the “public good.”

A

True

40
Q

The Framers hoped to create a representative democracy that would act swiftly and
accommodate sweeping changes in policy.

A

False They did not. In their view, a government that could act swiftly and in radical ways could
also do a great deal of harm.

41
Q

People today have unprecedented access to information and consume more political
news than ever.

A

False They do have higher levels of access to news and information, but they are not giving
political news and information more attention than in the past. Most, especially young people, do
not consume political news.

42
Q

Majoritarian politics probably influence relatively few issues in this country.

A

True

43
Q

Marxist theory sees society as divided into two classes: capitalists and workers.

A

True

44
Q

C. Wright Mills included corporate, governmental, and labor officials in his power
elite.

A

False Mills “power elite” consisted of corporate leaders, key military officials and key
politicians.

45
Q

Today, some would add major communications media chiefs to Mills’ power elite.

A

True

46
Q

Weber assigned a significant amount of power to appointed officials in the
bureaucracies of modern governments.

A

True

47
Q

Weber felt that bureaucrats merely implemented public policies that are made by
elected officials.

A

False Weber saw power in the fact that bureaucrats also have discretion, which can cause their
implementation of policies to vary widely.

48
Q

Pluralists deny the existence of elites.

___________________________________________________

A

False Pluralists do not believe everyone has power or that everyone has the same amount. They
recognize that there are political elites (those with a disproportionate amount of political power
and influence).

49
Q

The bureaucratic view does the most to reassure one that America has been, and
continues to be, a democracy in more than name only.
______________________________________________________________

A

False The pluralist view is the more reassuring on this count.

50
Q

The Framers suspected even highly educated persons could be manipulated by
demagogic leaders who played on their fears and prejudices.

A

True

51
Q

A policy can be good or bad independent of the motives of the person who decided it

A

True

52
Q

The self-interest of individuals is often an incomplete guide to their actions.

A

True

53
Q

In the 1920s it was widely assumed that the federal government would play a small role
in citizens’ lives.

A

True

54
Q

Who wields power—that is, who made a difference in the outcome and for what
reason—is harder to discover than who did what.

A

True

55
Q

Political change is not always accompanied by changes in public laws.

A

True

56
Q

The delegated to the Philadelphia convention were not popularly elected

A

True

57
Q

The American revolution was fought for the ideal of

A

Linerty

58
Q

Revolutionary colonists rejected the notion that the king of England had a natural prerogative to be their legitimate ruler

A

True

59
Q

The colonists new vision of government insisted that the legislative branch be superior to the executive branch

A

True

60
Q

Who was elected president in 1785?

A

John Hancock, but he never showed up to take the job

61
Q

How long did the constitutional convention last?

A

About four months

62
Q

The Pennsylvania constitution was the most radically democratic

A

True

63
Q

Most of the framers were experienced in government and were in their fifties or sixties

A

FALSE

the framers of the constitution had amazing levels of political experience but were relatively young.

64
Q

James Madison opposed the great compromise

A

True

65
Q

The great compromise, which essentially saved the convention from collapsing, was directly opposed by, or not supported by, eight of he thirteen states.

A

True

66
Q

The author of the Virginia plan reused to sign the constitution

A

True

67
Q

The constitution did not contain a bill of rights originally, in part because the founders did not believe that the national government would be able to infringe on those rights already protected in such bills

A

True

68
Q

Founders voted, more often than not, in terms of the economic interests of the states that they represented

A

True

69
Q

The government suppression of American leftists after the 1917 Bolshevik revolution in Russia

A

Red scare

70
Q

Federalist bill of 1789 criminalizing criticism of government.

A

Sedition axt

71
Q

A 1940 act criminalizing the advocacy of violent revolution

A

Smith act

72
Q

A 1950 act requiring the registration of all communists

A

Internal security act

73
Q

A 1954 act denying legal rights to the communist party

A

Community control act

74
Q

Term which describes the process whereby the Supreme Court applies provisions if the bill of rights to the states

A

Selective incorporatioln

75
Q

A Supreme Court formula to legitimate the abridgment if the right to free speech

A

“Clear-and-present danger” test

76
Q

Harmon another by publishing defamatory statements

A

Libwl

77
Q

Category of individuals who mis show material is false and printed with actual malice to win a libel case

A

Public figures

78
Q

A government action to prevent rather than punish certain expressions

A

Prior reatraint

79
Q

The supposed superiority of right of expression over other constitutional rights

A

Preferred position

80
Q

The use of only minimal measures to restrict potentially dangerous expression

A

Least means

81
Q

Case in which the Supreme Court decided to apply the exclusionary rule to state and local law enforcement officers

A

Mapp v. Ohio

82
Q

The first amendment clause prohibiting an official religion

A

Establishment clause

83
Q

Justice who argues the first amendment protects all publications, even wholly obscene ones

A

Hugo black

84
Q

A teaching on the origin of the world found to be religiously inspired

A

Creationism

85
Q

A special court that approves electronic eavesdropping on foreign spies

A

FISA

86
Q

A period during the public school say when students get religious instruction

A

Released time

87
Q

The prohibition against the use of illegally obtained evidence in court

A

Exclusionary rule

88
Q

A written authorization to police officers to conduct a search

A

Search earrant

89
Q

The legal basis for the issuance of a search warrant

A

Probably cause

90
Q

A Supreme Court case that led to rules that police officers must follow in warning arrested persons of their rights

A

Miranda v. Arizona

91
Q

Individual who first penned the phrase “wall-of-separation” in a private letter

A

Thomas jefferson

92
Q

One who refuses military service on religious or ethical grounds

A

Conscientious objector

93
Q

Case in which the Supreme Court first applied the first amendment to the states

A

Gitlow v. New york

94
Q

A relatively small political unit within which

classical democracy was practiced

A

city-state

Ap Government Exam Review (9 decks)

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