Course Notes

Question 1

What are three types of learning environments?

Answer 1

Individual, competitive, , Co-operative

Question 2

What are five elements of co-operative learning

Answer 2

1. Positive interdependence
2. Individual accountability
3. Face to face interaction
4. Group heterogeneity
5. Interpersonal skill development and scaffolding

Question 3

What are three types of co-operative activities

Answer 3

1. Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD)
2. Team-Games-Tournament (TGT)
3. Jigsaw 2

Question 4

What are three things that the Zone of Proximal Development (Vgotsky) uses?

Answer 4

Scaffolding: The processing of providing support (cues, hints, reminders) that move the learner through the ZPD
ZPD: The zone between what the learner can do independently and what he or she can accomplish with scaffolding
Humanism: Focus is the relationship between the learner and the teacher that allows the learner to grow toward independence

Question 5

What are three memory-oriented strategies

Answer 5

Mnemonics
Acrostics: link the first letter of each word with another word beginning with the same letter in a sentence
Loci Method: lnking each piece of information with a location/ route (in the first place)

Question 6

When do you use indirect teaching?

Answer 6

When the goal is for the students to learn concepts, patterns or abstractions.
This is type 2 learning.

Question 7

What is indirect teaching

Answer 7

Based on constructivism. Critical, higher level thinking. Students create tentative rules based on their experiences. Role of teacher is to set up experiences that support rule or are discrepant with that. Transcends subject area and links content.

Question 8

Define inductive reasoning

Answer 8

Reasoning that begins with one or more observations and generates a theory or generalization.

Question 9

What is deductive reasoning

Answer 9

Top-down reasoning that begins with a theory or generalization and tests individual obserrvations to see if they support or fail to support the theory or generalization.

Question 10

What is the goal of type 1 learning

Answer 10

Check understanding

Question 11

What is the teachers role in discussion in indirect instruction

Answer 11

Focus moves away from teachers, serves as a moderator, when students go down rabbit holes that bring them back.

Question 12

What are three benefits of group discussion

Answer 12

Democratic approach
Nurtures critical thinking skills
Teaches discussion skills, its ok to be wrong sometimes but be open to another point of view.

Question 13

What are three kinds of large groups discussions

Answer 13

Teacher directed conversation: teacher draws out ideas, encourages multiple perspectives.
Open-ended: teacher joins rather than mediates discussion, can turn into debates, students decide direction of discussion.
Posing challenging questions: socratic method Questions lead to questions. Teachers role is to challege students beliefs.

Question 14

What are three discussion tasks for smalls groups/ pairs

Answer 14

Brainstorming
Role playing
Simulation - recreation of real lie events.

Question 15

What is the usual pattern of questioning in a classroom

Answer 15

Teacher provides information
Teacher asks question
Student answers
Teacher responds

Question 16

What are 10 purposes of questions

Answer 16

1. Provoke interest- hook
2. Diagnose difficulties- are you on track
3. Check prior learning- beginning
4. Managerial information
5. Foster higher-thinking
6. Redirect student thinking
7. Allow exploration of opinions/ feelings, clarify values
8. To discover reasons/ link causes and effect
9. Encourage imagination- what if versus what is
10. Maintain interaction

Question 17

What are characteristic of good questions

Answer 17

• are arranged in a logical order
• have a variety within the arrangement, but not within a specific question
• give rise to student questions
• build on student answers
• relate to students background
• are planned ahead of time

Question 18

What is convergent questioning or direct questioning?

Answer 18

• Goal is to elicit a correct answer that is very limited in terms of what is acceptable
• converge means to tend to a common result
• through gathering and sorting data, students are lead to a predeterminded endpoint

Question 19

What are some common difficulties in questioning

Answer 19

Asking students to speak for everybody
Double questions 
Overly complex questions 
Ambiguous questions 
Answer provided in the question 
Guess what is on my mind questions 
Questions as punishments

Question 20

How much time should you wait after asking a question

Answer 20

At least 3 seconds