Course Intro Flashcards
Biology
Study of living organisms
Physiology
subdivision of bio that is concerned with the functioning of the body.
1. It attempts to explain the physical and chemical processes that occur in the body
Anatomy
Subdivision of bio that is concerned with the form, structure or morphology of the body.
- Anatomy (Greek)
a. Ana= apart
b. Tomy=cut - Dissect (Latin)
a. Dis=apart
b. Sectare=cut
Cytology (subdivision of anatomy)
study of cells
- Greek meaning:
a. Kytos=cell
b. Logos= knowledge of
Histology (subdivision of anatomy)
study of tissues
- Greek meaning:
a. Histo= tissue
b. Logos= knowledge of
Gross anatomy
study of structure visible with the naked eye
Surface anatomy
study of the surface structures
Developmental anatomy (Embryology)
Development of the body prior to birth
Comparative anatomy
Comparing human structure to that of other animals
Radiology
use of radiation to visualize internal body structure
Anatomical pathology
study of tissue that departs from the normal and thus is diseased
Organization of the body
A. Cell: smallest unit of living matter and the characteristic building block of all plant and animal tissues
B. Tissue: collection of cells of similar structure and function
C. Organ: consists of two or more tissues blended in such a way as to form a structure, which can perform one function or related functions
D. Organ system: consists of one or more organs that act together in performing a major function of the body
E. Body: composed of the 12 organ systems
Methods of study
A. Regional
B. Systemic
pg 4 & 5
Median (midsagittal) plane
1 vertical plane passing through the body dividing it into equal right and left parts
Sagittal plane
any vertical plane that parallels the median plane and divides the body into unequal right and left parts
Frontal (coronal) plane
any vertical plane at a right angle to the median plane that decides the body into from and back parts
Horizontal (transverse) plane
any plane at a right angle to both the median and frontal planes that divides the body into upper and lower parts
Medial & Lateral
Medial: nearer the median plane
Lateral: farther away from the median plane
Anterior (ventral) & Posterior (dorsal)
- nearer the front
2. nearer the back
Superior (cephalic) & Inferior (caudal)
- nearer the upper (head) end
2. nearer the lower (tail) end
Proximal & Distal
- Nearer the attached end of a limb
2. Farther away from the attached end of a limb
Internal & External
- nearer the center of an organ or cavity
2. farther away from the center of an organ or cavity
Superficial & Deep
- nearer the surface of the body
2. farther away from the surface of the body
Supine position
lying on back, belly upward
