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Course 3- Network Security Flashcards

1
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The maximum data transmission capacity over a network, measured by bits per second.

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2
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

The practice of using remote servers, application, and network services that are hosted on the internet instead of on local physical devices.

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3
Q

What is a cloud network?

A

A collection of servers or computers that stores resources and data in remote data centers that can be accessed via the internet.

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4
Q

What is a data packet?

A

A basic unit of information that travels from one device to another within a network.

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5
Q

What is a hub?

A

A network device that broadcasts information to every device on the network.

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6
Q

What is Internet Protocol (IP)?

A

A set of standards used for routing and addressing data packets as they travel between devices on a network.

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7
Q

What is an Internet Protocol (IP) address?

A

A unique string of characters that identifies the location of a device on the internet.

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8
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A

A network that spans small areas like an office building, a school, or a home.

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9
Q

What is a Media Access Control (MAC) address?

A

A unique alphanumeric identifier that is assigned to each physical device on a network.

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10
Q

What is a modem?

A

A device that connects your router to the internet and brings internet access to the LAN.

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11
Q

What is a network?

A

A group of connected devices.

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12
Q

What is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?

A

A standardized concept that describes the seven layers computers use to communicate and send data over the network.

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13
Q

What is packet sniffing?

A

The practice of capturing and inspecting data packets across a network.

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14
Q

What is a port?

A

A software-based location that organizes the sending and receiving of data between devices on a network.

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15
Q

What is a router?

A

A network device that connects multiple networks together.

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16
Q

What is speed in networking?

A

The rate at which a device sends and receives data, measured by bits per second.

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17
Q

What is a switch?

A

A device that makes connections between specific devices on a network by sending and receiving data between them.

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18
Q

What is the TCP/IP model?

A

A framework used to visualize how data is organized and transmitted across a network.

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19
Q

What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

A

An internet communication protocol that allows two devices to form a connection and stream data.

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20
Q

What is User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?

A

A connectionless protocol that does not establish a connection between devices before transmissions.

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21
Q

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

A

A network that spans a large geographic area like a city, state, or country.

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22
Q

What is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?

A

A network protocol used to determine the MAC address of the next router or device on the path.

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23
Q

What are cloud-based firewalls?

A

Software firewalls that are hosted by the cloud service provider.

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24
Q

What is a controlled zone?

A

A subnet that protects the internal network from the uncontrolled zone.

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25
What is Domain Name System (DNS)?
A networking protocol that translates internet domain names into IP addresses.
26
What is encapsulation in the context of VPN?
A process performed by a VPN service that protects your data by wrapping sensitive data in other data packets.
27
What is a firewall?
A network security device that monitors traffic to or from your network.
28
What is a forward proxy server?
A server that regulates and restricts a person’s access to the internet.
29
What is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?
An application layer protocol that provides a method of communication between clients and website servers.
30
What is Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)?
A network protocol that provides a secure method of communication between clients and servers.
31
What does IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) refer to?
A set of standards that define communication for wireless LANs.
32
What are network protocols?
A set of rules used by two or more devices on a network to describe the order of delivery of data and the structure of data.
33
What is network segmentation?
A security technique that divides the network into segments.
34
What is port filtering?
A firewall function that blocks or allows certain port numbers to limit unwanted communication.
35
What is a proxy server?
A server that fulfills the requests of its clients by forwarding them to other servers.
36
What is a reverse proxy server?
A server that regulates and restricts the internet's access to an internal server.
37
What is Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)?
A secure protocol used to transfer files from one device to another over a network.
38
What is Secure Shell (SSH)?
A security protocol used to create a shell with a remote system.
39
What is a security zone?
A segment of a company’s network that protects the internal network from the internet.
40
What is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)?
A network protocol used for monitoring and managing devices on a network.
41
What does stateful mean in terms of firewalls?
A class of firewall that keeps track of information passing through it and proactively filters out threats.
42
What does stateless mean in terms of firewalls?
A class of firewall that operates based on predefined rules and does not keep track of information from data packets.
43
What is subnetting?
The subdivision of a network into logical groups called subnets.
44
What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
An internet communication protocol that allows two devices to form a connection and stream data.
45
What is an uncontrolled zone?
The portion of the network outside the organization.
46
What is a virtual private network (VPN)?
A network security service that changes your public IP address and masks your virtual location so that you can keep your data private when you are using a public network like the internet.
47
What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
A wireless security protocol for devices to connect to the internet.
48
What is active packet sniffing?
A type of attack where data packets are manipulated in transit.
49
What is a botnet?
A collection of computers infected by malware that are under the control of a single threat actor, known as the 'bot-herder'.
50
What is a denial of service (DoS) attack?
An attack that targets a network or server and floods it with network traffic.
51
What is a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack?
A type of denial of service attack that uses multiple devices or servers located in different locations to flood the target network with unwanted traffic.
52
What is the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?
An internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across the network.
53
What is an ICMP flood?
A type of DoS attack performed by an attacker repeatedly sending ICMP request packets to a network server.
54
What is IP spoofing?
A network attack performed when an attacker changes the source IP of a data packet to impersonate an authorized system and gain access to a network.
55
What is an on-path attack?
An attack where a malicious actor places themselves in the middle of an authorized connection and intercepts or alters the data in transit.
56
What is packet sniffing?
The practice of capturing and inspecting data packets across a network.
57
What is passive packet sniffing?
A type of attack where a malicious actor connects to a network hub and looks at all traffic on the network.
58
What is a ping of death?
A type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64KB.
59
What is a replay attack?
A network attack performed when a malicious actor intercepts a data packet in transit and delays it or repeats it at another time.
60
What is a smurf attack?
A network attack performed when an attacker sniffs an authorized user’s IP address and floods it with ICMP packets.
61
What is a synchronize (SYN) flood attack?
A type of DoS attack that simulates a TCP/IP connection and floods a server with SYN packets.
62
What is a baseline configuration?
A documented set of specifications within a system that is used as a basis for future builds, releases, and updates.
63
What is hardware?
The physical components of a computer.
64
What is multi-factor authentication (MFA)?
A security measure which requires a user to verify their identity in two or more ways to access a system or network.
65
What is network log analysis?
The process of examining network logs to identify events of interest.
66
What is an operating system (OS)?
The interface between computer hardware and the user.
67
What is a patch update?
A software and operating system update that addresses security vulnerabilities within a program or product.
68
What is penetration testing (pen test)?
A simulated attack that helps identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, websites, applications, and processes.
69
What is security hardening?
The process of strengthening a system to reduce its vulnerabilities and attack surface.
70
What is security information and event management (SIEM)?
An application that collects and analyzes log data to monitor critical activities for an organization.
71
What is a world-writable file?
A file that can be altered by anyone in the world.

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