Course 3 | Connect and Protect_ Flashcards
connect and protect_
What is a Land Area Network (LAN)?
A network primarily used by offices and smaller spaces.
What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?
A network primarily used by a bigger area, like an organization, and larger spaces.
What does ipconfig do?
A command line that checks if the router has issued the user’s device a unique IP and is connected to the internet.
What is a hub?
Sends data to every device on the network.
What is a switch?
Sends data to a specific device using a MAC address.
What is a router?
Connects multiple networks together using IP addresses to route the traffic.
What is a modem?
Connects your network to the internet through your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
What is a firewall?
A security tool that blocks or allows traffic into or out of your network.
What is a server?
Provides information and services for devices on the network?
What are virtualization tools?
Software that simulates network devices.
What is cloud computing?
The use of remote servers and services over the internet instead of local computers.
Google Drive, Dropbox, Microsoft 365
What is a cloud network?
A group of connected remote servers that store data and run services online.
What is a Cloud Service Provider (CSP)?
A company that offers cloud storage and services.
AWS, Azure, Google Cloud
What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?
Software apps that run online, not on your device.
Gmail, Zoom, Microsoft Teams
What is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?
Cloud-based access to servers, storage, or networking.
It’s like renting a virtual machine.
What is Platform as a Service (PaaS)?
Tools developers use to build and test apps in the cloud.
What are Software-Defined Networks (SDNs)?
Virtual network devices like switches and routers, controlled by software.
This is easier for large networks because it is remote.
What is a data packet?
A small unit of data sent across a network from one device to another.
What is bandwidth?
The amount of data a device can receive per second.
A high amount of bandwidth means a smoother connection.
What is packet sniffing?
Monitoring and capturing data packets as they travel across a network.
What is a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Sends data in order and checks that it arrives correctly.
Loading websites, sending emails, or downloading files.
What is a User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
Sends data quickly without checking if it arrives correctly.
Streaming videos, making calls, or playing games.
What is an Internet Protocol (IP)?
Sends data to the correct destination using IP addresses.
A device connecting to another device.
What is a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?
Sends website content like text and images.
Visiting a regular website.
What is a Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS)?
Sends website content securely using ecryption.
Visiting more secure sites, like banks.
What is a File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
Sends large files between two systems.
Uploading or downloading files to/from a server.
What is a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?
Sends email from a device to a mail server.
Outlook, Apple Mail, Gmail
What is a Domain Name System (DNS)?
Sends website name requests and returns IP addresses.
Typing a website name into a browser - a request.
What is a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?
Sends IP addresses to devices that join a network.
Connecting to the Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
What is a Secure Shell (SSH)?
Sends login access to remote devices securely.
Managing servers or remote systems securely.
What is a Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?
Sends test messages and error reports between devices.
Using tools like [ping] to test connections.
How does IP work with TCP or UDP?
IP routes the packet, TCP or UDP decides how it’s sent.
TCP/IP Model, reliable or fast
What is IPv4?
An older IP version that uses 32-bit addresses.
192.168.1.1
What is IPv6?
A newer version using 128-bit addresses.
IPv4 is running out of addresss space, abcd:1234:5678::9
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Version (VER) ?
Says this is an IPv4 packet.
So the devices know what rules to follow.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Header Length (IHL)?
Says where the header ends and the data starts.
So the device can find the message inside.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is a Type of Service (ToS)?
Says how important or urgent the packet is.
Helps routers prioritize data. (steaming vs sending an email)
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Total Length?
Says how big the entire packet is.
Devices will know how much to read.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is Identification?
Provides the packets with a unique ID number.
Helps with reassembly if something split up.
IPv4 Header Fields
What are Flags?
Says whether the packet is allowed to broken up.
This is relayed to routers.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Fragment Offset?
Says whether the packet is allowed to be broken up.
This is relayed to routers.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Time to Live (TTL)?
Says how many “hops” the packet can take before dying.
Prevent infinite looping.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Protocol?
Says which protocol is being used.
So the device knows how to read the data.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Header Checksum?
Checks errors in the header.
Checks if the packet got damaged.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Source IP Address?
Says who sent the packet.
Needed for replies.
IPv4 Header Fields
What is the Destination IP Address?
Says who should receive the packet.
So the packet gets to the right device.
IPv4 Header Fields
What are Options?
Optional extra settings for security or routing.
Rarely used.
What is a Media Access Control (MAC) address?
A unique ID number built into every device’s network card (NIC).
00:A0:C9:14:C8:29, used within LANs
What is a port?
A doorway inside a device that helps organize incoming and outgoing data by service or app type.
Port Number : 25
Sending email (SMTP)
Port Number : 443
Secure web traffic (HTTPS)
Port Number : 20
File transfers (FTP - data channel)
What are the TCP/IP and OSI Models?
Frameworks that explain how data travels from one device to another.
TCP/IP Model Layers
What is the Application layer?
Where apps like browsers and email live.
Chrome, Outlook, SSH
TCP/IP Model Layers
What is the Transport layer?
Ensures reliable delivery of data.
TCP, UDP
TCP/IP Model Layers
What is the Internet layer?
Moves data between networks using IP addresses.
IP, ICMP
TCP/IP Model Layers
What is the Network Access layer?
Moves data over the physical network.
Ethernet, Wi-Fi, MAC address
OSI Model Layers
What is the Application layer?
User-facing programs.
OSI Model Layers
What is the Presentation layer?
Translates data formats.
Encryption
OSI Model Layers
What is the Session layer?
Manages open connections.
Ongoing conversations.
OSI Model Layers
What is the Transport layer?
Delivers data reliably.
TCP/UDP
OSI Model Layers
What is the Network layer?
Routes packets between networks.
IP addresses
OSI Model Layers
What is the Data Link layer?
Manages local traffic between devices.
MAC addresses, switches
OSI Model Layers
What is the Physical layer?
Sends bits across cables or Wi-Fi.
Ethernet, fiber, etc.
What is Network Address Translation (NAT)
A process that swaps private IP addresses with public ones for internet access.
What is the TCP Handshake?
A three-step process to start a TCP connection.
What is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?
Helps devices on the local network find each other.
Finding the MAC address that matches a known IP address.
What is a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)?
Used to monitor and manage network devices like routers, switches, and printers.
Application layer of the TCP/IP Model.
What is the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?
Used to send quick network error messages and replies.
Internet layer in TCP/IP model, pinging, helps with troubleshooting
What is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?
Protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network settings to devices.
Uses UDP ports 67 (server) and 68 (client). DORA
What is the Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)?
A protocol that transfers files using SSH and AES Encryption.
Application layer of TCP/IP Model. TCP Port 22 because it uses SSH.
