Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Scribe terms > Course 2 > Flashcards

Course 2 Flashcards

1
Q

pertinent positives

A

Specific symptoms that raise the physician’s suspicion for a particular disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pertinent Negatives

A

Specific symptoms that are not present which cause the physician to doubt certain diagnoses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do physicians rule out certain diseases?

A

They will order a specific Objective study that can diagnose it or rule it out. Also the physical exam can rule out some diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What DDx can be drawn from chest pain (the subjective complaint)?

A

PE, Musculor-skeletal chest pain, MI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk Factors

A

What puts the patient at risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chief Complaint (CC)

A

Typical major sx. Want to know Timing (constant, intermittent, waxing and waning), quality (dull, sharp, pressure, cramping), what makes it better or worse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Assoc Sx

A

pertinent positives; sx that raise the physician’s suspicion for the disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pert. Neg

A

pertinent negatives; important sx that are not present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Assoc MEd

A

medications related to the disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PE

A

Common physical exam findings associated with the disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosed by

A

how the disease is ruled out or diagnosed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CAD Etiology

A

Narrowing of the coronary arteries limits blood supply to the heart muscle causing angina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain specifically due to heart-muscle ischemia. Sx of CAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CAD CC

A

CP or chest pressure. worse with exertion, improved by rest and NTG.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CAD Assoc Med

A

Aspirin (ASA) 324mg PO

Nitroglycerin (NTG) 0.4mg SL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CAD diagnosed by

A

Cardiac catheterization ( not in the ED)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A patient has CAD if they…

A

Have a PMHx of Angina, MI, CABG, Cardiac stents, angioplasty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Any patient complaining of CP should..

A

Receive ASA PO unless given PTA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MI etiology

A

acute blockage of the coronary arteries results in ischemia and infarct of the heart muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CAD catch phrase

A

chest pain with physical exertion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MI Catch phrase

A

Chest pressure with diaphoresis, N/V, and SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MI Risk Factors

A

CAD, HTN, HLD, DM, smoker, FHx of CAD <55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MI CC

A

Chest pain or chest pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MI study

A

EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

MI Assoc Med

A

ASA NTG B-blocker Thrombolytic (Heparin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

B-blocker

A

Reduces blood pressure by blocking epinephrine. Makes beat more slowly and less force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CHF Etiology

A

The heart becomes enlarged, inefficient, and congested with excess fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CHF Catch phrase

A

SOB with pedal edema and orthopnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CHF CC

A

SOB, orthopnea, PND, DOE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

orthopnea

A

SOB worsen when lying down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

PND

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea - SOB at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

CHF PE

A

Rales, JVD in nec, Pitting pedal edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

CHF assoc Med

A

diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide) - unrinate extra fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CHF study

A

CXR or elevated BNP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A FIb CC

A

Palpitations (Fast, Pounding, Irregular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

AFib risk factors

A

Paroxysmal A Fib, Chronic A Fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

AFib PE

A

Irregularly irregular rhythm, Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

AFib study

A

EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

AFib Assoc Med

A

Coumadin (Warfarin): Blood thinner, prevents blood clots in atria. Digoxin: Slows down heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the sac surrounding

the heart causing CP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the sac surrounding

the lungs causing pleuritic CP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Costochondritis

A

Irritation of the ribs causing CP

worsened by pressing on the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Chest Wall Pain

A

Irritation of the chest wall causing pain

with palpation of the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid collecting around the lungs causing

SOB or CP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

AFib

A

electrical problem, irregular HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

MI

A

Heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

CHF

A

fluid traffic jam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

CAD

A

Risk for MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

PE ET

A

A blood clot becomes lodged in the pulmonary artery and blocks blood flow to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

PE catch phrase

A

Pleuritic chest pain with tachycardia and hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

PE risk factors

A

Known DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, Recent surgery, Cancer, A-Fib, Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

PE CC

A

SOB or Pleuritic chest pain (CP worse with deep breaths)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

PE study

A 
CTA Chest (CT Chest w/ IV contrast)  or VQ scan. 
D-dimer aids in detecting clots, but cannot diagnose a PE.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

PNA ET

A

Infiltrate (bacterial infection) and inflammation inside the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

PNA Risk Factors

A

Elderly, Bedridden, Recent chest injury, Recent surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

PNA CC

A

SOB or Productive cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

PNA Assoc Sx

A

Cough with sputum, Fever, Chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

PNA Assoc Med

A

Rocephin and Zithromax (antibiotics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

PNA PE

A

Rhonchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

PNA study

A

CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Pneumothorax

A

PTX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

PTX Et

A

Collapsed lung due to trauma or a spontaneous small rupture of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

PTX CC

A

SOB and one-sided chest pain

Sudden onset. Often trauma patients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

PTX PE

A

Absent breath sounds unilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

PTX study

A

CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

COPD Et

A

Long-term damage to the lung’s alveoli (emphysema) along with inflammation and mucous production (chronic bronchitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

COPD Risk factors

A

smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

COPD CC

A

SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

COPD PE

A

Decreased breath sounds, Wheezes, Rales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

COPD Assoc Meds

A

Home O2 (Document how much O2 they use at baseline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

COPD study

A

CXR hx smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD) Et

A

(asthma) Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles, known as a “bronchospasm”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

RAD CC

A

SOB/Wheezing

Improved by nebulizer “breathing treatments” (bronchodilators)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

RAD PE

A

Wheezes (Inspiratory or Expiratory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

RAD Assoc med

A

Inhalers, Nebulizers, Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

RAD study

A

clinically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

I-CVA Et

A

Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the brain resulting in permanent brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

I-CVA CC

A

Unilateral focal neurological deficits: One-sided weakness/numbness or changes in speech/vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

I-CVA Risk Factors

A

HTN, HLD, DM, hx TIA/CVA, Smoking, FHx CVA, AFIB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

I-CVA PE

A

Neurological deficits: hemiparesis, unilateral paresthesias, aphasia, visual field deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

I-CVA study

A

Clinically, Potentially normal CT Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

H-CVA ET

A

Traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the head leads to bleeding in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

H-CVA CC

A 
Headache
Sudden Onset  (Thunderclap, Worst of life)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

H-CVA Assoc Sx

A

Changes in Speech, Vision, Sensation (numbness), or Motor strength (weakness), AMS, Seizure, Headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

H-CVA PE

A

Unilateral neurological deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

H-CVA study

A

CT head or LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

TIA ET

A

Vascular changes temporarily deprive a part of the brain of oxygen (Symptoms usually last less than 1 hour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

TIA CC

A

Transient focal neurological deficit

Changes in Speech, Vision, Strength, or Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

TIA Study

A

clinically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Meningitis Et

A

Inflammation and infection of the meninges; the sac surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Bacterial vs. viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Meningitis CC

A

Headache and neck pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Meningitis Assoc Sx

A

fever, neck pain, neck stiffness, AMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Meningitis PE

A

Meningismus, Nuchal rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Meningitus study

A

LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Spinal cord injury Et

A

Injury to the spinal cord may create weakness or numbness in the extremities past the site of the injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Spinal cord injury cc

A

Neck pain or Back pain, Bilateral extremity weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Spinal cord injury PE

A

Midline bony tenderness, deformities, or step-offs, Bilateral extremity weakness, Numbness, Decreased rectal tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

Spinal cord injury study

A

CT Cervical Spine (Neck)
CT Thoracic Spine (Upper back)
CT Lumbar Spine (Lower back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Seizure (SZ) Et

A

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain leading to abnormal physical manifestations. Often caused by epilepsy, ETOH withdrawals, or febrile seizure in pediatric pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

SZ CC

A

Seizure activity, Syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

SZ assoc Sx

A

Injuries (tongue bite), Confusion, Headache,

Incontinence (urinary or fecal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

SZ PE

A

Somnolent, Confused (Post-Ictal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

SZ Med

A

Dilantin, Tegretol, Keppra, Depakote, Neurontin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Bells Palsy Et

A

Inflammation or viral infection of the facial nerve causes one-sided weakness of the entire face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Bells Palsy CC

A

Facial Droop

Sudden Onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

Bells Palsy Assoc Sx

A

Jaw or ear pain, Increased tear flow of one eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

Bells Palsy Pert Neg

A

No extremity weakness, No changes in speech or vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Bell Palsy PE

A

Unilateral weakness of the upper and lower face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Bell Palsy Study

A

clinical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

HA Et

A

Various causes including hypertensive headaches (from high blood pressure), recurrent diagnosed migraines, Sinusitis, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

HA CC

A

Headache (gradual onset)

Pressure, Throbbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

HA Pert Neg

A

No fever; No neck stiffness; No numbness/weakness; No changes in speech or vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

AMS Et

A

Multiple causes: most common are hypoglycemia, infection, intoxication, and neurological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

AMS Risk Factors

A

Diabetic, Elderly, Demented, EtOH use, Drug use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

AMS CC

A

Confusion, Decreased responsiveness, Unresponsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

AMS study

A

case dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

syncope et

A

Temporary loss of blood supply to the brain resulting in loss of consciousness. There are a variety of causes; most common are vasovagal and low blood volume (dehydration/hypovolemia). Occasionally syncope occurs due to cardiac/neurologic causes.

118
Q

Syncope CC

A

Passing-out vs. About to pass-out (near-syncope)

119
Q

Vertigo et

A

Caused by two etiologies: the vertigo may be from a harmless problem of the inner ear (benign positional vertigo), or it may be caused due to damage in a specific center of the brain (possible CVA).

120
Q

Vertigo CC

A

Room-spinning, Feeling off balance (disequilibrium)

Worsened with head movement

121
Q

Vertigo Assoc Sx

A

N/V, Tinnitus (ringing in ears)

122
Q

vertigo PE

A

Horizontal Nystagmus, + Romberg,

+ Dix-Hallpike Test

123
Q

Vertigo Med

A

Meclizine (Antivert)

124
Q

Vertigo study

A

Clinically

125
Q

Appendicitis (APPY) et

A

Infection of the appendix causes inflammation and blockage, possibly leading to rupture

126
Q

APPY CC

A

RLQ Pain
Gradual Onset • Constant
Worsened with Movement

127
Q

APPY assoc Sx

A

Decreased appetite (anorexia), Fever, N/V

128
Q

APPY PE

A

McBurney’s point tenderness, RLQ tenderness

129
Q

APPY study

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

130
Q

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) Et

A

Physical blockage of the small intestine

131
Q

SBO Risk Factor

A

Elderly, infants, Abdominal surgery, Narcotic pain medication

132
Q

SBO CC

A

Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Constipation

133
Q

SBO assoc Sx

A

Abd Distension, Bloating, No BMs

134
Q

SBO PE

A

Abdominal tenderness, Guarding, Rebound, Abnormal bowel sounds, Abdominal distension, Tympany

135
Q

SBO study

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast

Acute Abdominal Series (AAS)

136
Q

Gall stones synonyms

A

Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis

137
Q

Gall stones et

A

Minerals from the liver’s bile condense to form gallstones which can irritate, inflame, or obstruct the gallbladder

138
Q

Gall stones Catch phrase

A

RUQ abdominal pain after eating fatty foods

139
Q

Gall stones CC

A

RUQ Pain
Sharp
Worsened with Eating, Deep breaths,
and Palpation

140
Q

Gall stones PE

A

RUQ tenderness, Murphy’s sign

141
Q

Gall stones study

A

Abdominal US, RUQ

142
Q

GI bleed et

A

Hemorrhage in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract can lead to anemia

143
Q

GI CC

A

Hematemesis (Upper), Coffee ground emesis (Lower), Hematochezia (Lower), Melena (Upper)

144
Q

GI Bleed Assoc Sx

A

Generalized weakness, lightheadedness, SOB, abdominal pain, rectal pain

145
Q

GI Bleed PE

A

Pale conjunctiva, Pallor, Tachycardia

Rectal Exam: Melena, Grossly bloody stool

146
Q

GI Bleed study

A

Heme positive stool (Guaiac positive) during a rectal exam

147
Q

Diverticulitis Et

A

Acute inflammation and infection of abnormal pockets of the large intestine, known as diverticuli

148
Q

Diverticulitis Risk factors

A

Diverticulosis, advanced age

149
Q

Diverticulitis CC

A

LLQ pain

150
Q

Diverticulitis Assoc Sx

A

Nausea, fever, diahrea

151
Q

Diverticulitis study

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

152
Q

pancreatitis Et

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

153
Q

Pancreatitis Risk factors

A

EtOH abuse, Cholecystitis, specific medications

154
Q

Pancreatitis CC

A

LUQ, Epigastric pain

155
Q

Pancreatitis Assoc Sx

A

N/V

156
Q

Pancreatitis PE

A

Epigastric tenderness

157
Q

Pancreatitis Study

A

Elevated Lipase lab test (or sometimes elevated Amylase)

158
Q

GERD et

A

Stomach acid regurgitating into the esophagus

159
Q

GERD CC

A

Epigastric Pain

Burning • Improved with Antacids

160
Q

GERD PE

A

Epigastric tenderness

161
Q

GERD Assoc Med

A

GI Cocktail (numbs and soothes the esophagus and stomach)

162
Q

C. Diff Colitis

A

opportunistic bacteria that causes persistent diarrhea

163
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

V/D. viral or bacteril

164
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

immune disorder causing diarrhea and abd pain

165
Q

IBS

A

Chronically sensitive bowels prone to diarrhea

166
Q

Gastritis

A

Irritated stomach with vomiting; stomach ache

167
Q

UTI Et

A

Infection in the urinary tract, bladder or urethra

168
Q

UTI CC

A

Dysuria

169
Q

UTI Assoc Sx

A

frequency, urgency, malodorous urine, AMS (elderly)

170
Q

UTI study

A

Urine drip or urinalysis

171
Q

Pyelo Et

A

Infection of the tissue in the kidney, usually spread from a UTI

172
Q

Pyelo Risk factors

A

Female, frequent UTI

173
Q

Pyelo CC

A

Flank pain with dysuria

174
Q

Pyelo Assoc Sx

A

Fever, N/V

175
Q

Pyelo PE

A

Costo-vertebral Angle (CVA) tenderness

176
Q

Pyelo Study

A

CT abd/Pel without contrast or Confirmed tenderness

177
Q

Kidney stone names

A

Renal calculi, Nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis

178
Q

Kidney stones Et

A

A kidney stone dislodges from the kidney and begins traveling down the ureter. The stone scrapes and irritates the ureter, causing severe flank pain and bloody urine.

179
Q

Kidney stone CC

A

Flank pain, sudden, radiating to groin

180
Q

Kidney stone ASsoc Sx

A

Hematuria, N/V, Unable to void

181
Q

Kidney stone PE

A

CVA tenderness

182
Q

Kidney stone study

A

CT Abd/Pelvis . RBC in UA can be clue.

183
Q

ectopic pregnancy et

A

fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. High risk for rupture and death

184
Q

Ectopic pregn Risk factors

A

pregnant female (HCG positive), STD (PID)

185
Q

Ectopic pregn CC

A

Lower Abd pain or vaginal bleeding while pregnant.

186
Q

Ectopic Pregn Study

A

US Pelvis

187
Q

Ovarian Torsion et

A

Twisting of an ovarian artery reducing blood flow to an ovary, possibly resulting in infarct of ovare

188
Q

Ovarian torsian CC

A

Lower abd pain (RLQ or LLQ)

189
Q

Ovarian Torsion PE

A

Adnexal tenderness (Right or left). Tenderness in RLQ or LLQ

190
Q

Ovarian Torsion study

A

US pelvis .

191
Q

Testicular torsion et

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord resulting in loss of blood flow and nerve function to the testicle

192
Q

Testicular torsion CC

A

Testicular pain

193
Q

Testicular torsion PE

A

Testicular tenderness and swelling (right or left)

194
Q

Testicular torsion study

A

US scrotum

195
Q

URI et

A

Most often viral infection causes congestion, cough, and inflammation of the upper airway

196
Q

URI CC

A

cough/congestion

197
Q

URI Assoc Sx

A

Fever, sor throat, HA, Myalgias

198
Q

URI PE

A

Rhinorrhea, boggy turbinates, pharyngeal Erythema.

199
Q

URI Study

A

clinically

200
Q

Otitis Media is

A

Middle ear infection

201
Q

Otitis Media Et

A

Viral or bacterial infection of the tympanic membrane (TM) causing ear pain and pressure

202
Q

Otitis Media CC

A

Ear pain, ear pulling

203
Q

Otitis Assoc Sx

A

Fever, sore throat, dry cough, congestion

204
Q

Otitis Media PE

A

Erythema, Effusion, Dullness, or Bulging of the Tympanic Membrane (TM)

205
Q

Otitis study

A

Clinically

206
Q

Strep throat is

A

streptococcal pharyngitis

207
Q

Strep Et

A

bacterial infection of the tonsils and pharynx causing a sore throat and frequently swollen lymph nodes

208
Q

Strep CC

A

sore throat

209
Q

Strep PE

A

Pharyngeal Erythema Tonsillar hypertrophy(enlargement) tonsillar exudates (pus)

210
Q

Strep Study

A

Rapid strep

211
Q

Conjunctivitis is

A

Pink eye

212
Q

Pink eye Et

A

infection of the outer lining of the eye, know as the conjunctiva

213
Q

Pink eye CC

A

eye redness, irritation, or pain

214
Q

Pink eye Assoc Sx

A

Eyelid matting, eye discharge, fever

215
Q

Pink eye PE

A

Conjunctival injection (redness), edema, and exudates

216
Q

Pink eye study

A

Clinically

217
Q

Epistaxis

A

Rupture of a blood vessel inside the nose causes blood to flow out the nose and into the throat.

218
Q

Epistaxis CC

A

nose bleed

219
Q

Epistaxis Risk factors

A

Blood thinners (coumadin/warfarin, ASA, Plavix) or HTN

220
Q

Epistaxis PE

A

Anterior, posterior, or septal source of bleeding

221
Q

Epistaxis Study

A

Clinically

222
Q

Musculoskeletal back pain et

A

deterioation or strain of the back creates pain that is worse with movement

223
Q

Back pain CC

A

Back pain, commonly lumbar

224
Q

Back pain Assoc Sx

A

Shooting posterior lower extremity pain.

225
Q

Pert negs of back pain

A

no LE weakness, no incontinence .

226
Q

Back pain PE

A

Paraspinal tenderness, Positive Straight Leg Raise (+ SLR diagnoses Sciatica; back pain that radiates down the legs)

227
Q

extremity injury et

A

trauma creates pain/swelling in an extremity

228
Q

Extremity injury CC

A

Extremity pain

229
Q

Extremity injury Assoc Sx

A

Swelling, bruising, deformity, use limitation

230
Q

Extremity injury Pert Neg

A

no motor weakness. no numbness or tingling

231
Q

Extremity injury PE

A

Distal CSMT intact (Circulation, Sensory, Motor, Tendon)
No tendon or ligament laxity
ROM limited secondary to pain

232
Q

AAA et

A

Widened and weakened arterial wall at risk of rupture

233
Q

AAA CC

A

Midline Abdominal Pain

234
Q

AA PE

A

Midline pulsatile abdominal mass, Abdominal bruit, Unequal femoral pulses, Hypotension

235
Q

AAA study

A

CT A/P with IV contrast dye

236
Q

Aortic Dissection et

A

Separation of the muscular wall from the membrane of the artery, putting the pt at risk of aortic rupture and death

237
Q

Aortic Dissection CC

A

Chest pain radiating to the back

Ripping or Tearing

238
Q

Aortic Dissection PE

A

Unequal brachial or radial pulses, Hypotension

239
Q

Aortic Dissection Study

A

CT Chest with IV contrast dye

240
Q

DVT et

A

Blood slows down while flowing through long straight veins in the extremities; slow-flowing blood is more likely to clot. Once formed the clot can continue to grow and eventually occlude (block) the vein.

241
Q

DVT risk factors

A

PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, Recent Surgery, Cancer, Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking, LE Trauma, LE Casts

242
Q

DVT CC

A

Extremity Pain and Swelling (Atraumatic)

Usually located in a lower extremity

243
Q

DVT PE

A

Calf tenderness, Cords, Homan’s sign

244
Q

DVT study

A

US/Doppler of the extremity

245
Q

Cellulitis Et

A

Infection of the skin cells

246
Q

Cellulitis CC

A

Red, swollen, painful, and sometimes warm area of skin

247
Q

Cellulitis PE

A

Erythema, Edema, Increased warmth (calor), Induration

248
Q

Cellulitis Assoc Med

A

Abx

249
Q

Cellulitis Study

A

Clinically

250
Q

Abscess is

A

cellulitis is flunctuance

251
Q

Abscess Et

A

Skin Infection with an underlying collection of pus

252
Q

Abscess CC

A

Red, Swollen, and Painful lump

253
Q

Abscess PE

A

Fluctuance (pus-pocket), Induration, Purulent drainage (pus-like)

254
Q

Abscess Study

A

Clinically

255
Q

Rash Et

A

Changes in the skin’s appearance due to systemic or localized reaction. May be caused from medication, virus, bacteria, fungus, insect, etc.

256
Q

Rash CC

A

Rash

Red, Itchy (pruritic) or Painful

257
Q

Rash PE

A

Urticaria (Hives or wheals), Macules (flat), Papules (raised bumps), Vesicles (small blisters), Blanching (not dangerous), Petechaie (dangerous rash), Purpura (dangerous rash)

258
Q

Rash Study

A

Cllinically

259
Q

Allergic reaction et

A

Immune response causing an inflammatory reaction consisting of swelling, itching (pruritis), and rash

260
Q

Allergy Risk factors

A

Know drug or food allergy

261
Q

Allergy CC

A

Rash, Swelling, Itching, or SOB

262
Q

Allergy PE

A

Edema, Facial Angioedema, Urticaria (Hives, Wheals)

263
Q

Allergy study

A

clinically

264
Q

Adverse reaction

A

N/V, Abd Pain, Diarrhea, Dizzinis

265
Q

DKA Et

A

Shortage of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and production of ketones

266
Q

DKA Risk

A

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

267
Q

DKA CC

A

Persistan vomiting with a hx of DM

268
Q

DKA Assoc Sx

A

SOB, polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (increased urination)

269
Q

DKA PE

A

Ketotic odor “fruity”, Dry Mucous Membranes (Dehydration), Tachypnea

270
Q

DKA study

A

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG or VBG) showing low pH (acidosis) or Positive Serum ketones

271
Q

Psychological disorder Et

A

Various types of psychological disease produce abnormal thoughts, behaviors, or actions

272
Q

Psych PMHx

A

Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Alcoholism, Drug Abuse, Suicide Attempt

273
Q

Psych CC

A

Suicidal Ideation (SI), Homicidal Ideation (HI), Hallucinations (Auditory or Visual), Substance abuse, Self injury, Overdose

274
Q

Psych PE

A

Flat affect, SI, HI, Tangential or Pressured speech

275
Q

Trauma is

A

physical injury

276
Q

Trauma et

A

Depending on the Mechanism of Injury (MOI) physical trauma may break bones, sever nerves, rupture blood vessels, or damage internal organs

277
Q

Trauma CC

A

Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA), Fall, Gun Shot Wound (GSW)

278
Q

Trauma PE

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

279
Q

Trauma Assoc MEd

A

Blood thinners? (Coumadin, ASA, or Plavix)

280
Q

Trauma Study

A

Trauma Protocol depending on MOI:

CT or XR

281
Q

Trauma MOI et

A

Refers to the way damage to skin, muscles, organs, and bones happen.
Healthcare providers use MOI to determine how likely it is that a serious injury has occurred

282
Q

Trauma MOI Rapid Forward Deceleration, “Motor Vehicle Collision”

A

Head-On Collision (Windshield starring, airbag deployment)
T-Bone Collision
Rear-Impact Collision
Rollover Collision
Victim Ejected From Vehicle (Spinal cord injury, head injury)
Motorcycle/ ATV Crash (Helmets)
Auto vs. Pedestrian

283
Q

Trauma MOI Rapid Vertical Deceleration, “Falls”

A

Dependent upon distance body part impacted landing surface and type of landing surface
Severe: Greater than 3x the height of patient or > 20 feet

284
Q

MOI penetrating trauma

A

Stab wounds: Location, blade length, angle of penetration

Firearms: Type of weapon, caliber, distance, bullet deformity

285
Q

DDx

A

A short list of diseases the doctor considers when diagnosing a patient

286
Q

Risk factors

A

“Red flags” that would put a patient at risk for that particular disease

287
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the causes of diseases

288
Q

Pleura

A

Membrane lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covering the lungs (visceral pleura)

289
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body

290
Q

Vein

A

A tube that carries blood to the heart from the cells, tissues, and organs of the body

291
Q

GERD study

A

endoscopy

Scribe terms (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions