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ScribeAmerica > Course 2 > Flashcards

Course 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Specific symptoms that raise the physician’s suspicion for a particular disease

A

Pertinent Positives

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2
Q

Specific symptoms that are not present which cause the physician to doubt certain diagnoses

A

Pertinent Negatives

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3
Q

Ordered when physician has suspicion about a certain disease that can diagnose it or rule it out

A

Objective Study

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4
Q

2 ways physician rules out or diagnoses disease

A

Objective Study, Physical Exam

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5
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Etiology

A

Narrowing of the coronary arteries limits blood supply to the heart muscle causing angina (chest pain specifically due to heart-muscle ischemia)

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6
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Catch Phrase

A

Chest pain with physical exertion

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7
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Chief Complaint

A

Chest pain or pressure, worse with exertion, improved by rest or NTG

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8
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Assoc. Med

A

Aspirin (ASA) 324mg PO, Nitroglycerin (NTG) 0.4mg SL

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9
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Diagnosed By

A

Cardiac catheterization (Not diagnosed in the ED)

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10
Q

Single greatest risk factor for an MI

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

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11
Q

Assess the severity of CAD (2)

A

Stress tests -or- Cardiac Catherization

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12
Q

A patient has CAD if they have a PMHx of (5)

A

Angina, MI, CABG, Cardiac stents, Angioplasty

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13
Q

Received by every patient complaining of Chest Pain

A

Aspirin 324mg PO

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14
Q

Exceptions to giving ASA for patient complaining of CP (2)

A

Given PTA, Contraindicated due to bleeding or allergy

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15
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): Etiology

A

Acute blockage of the coronary arteries results in ischemia and infarct of the heart muscle

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16
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): Catch Phrase

A

Chest pressure with diaphoresis, N/V, and SOB

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17
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): Risk Factors

A

CAD, HTN, HLD, DM, Smoker, FHx of CAD

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18
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): Chief Complaint

A

Chest pain or pressure

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19
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): STEMI Diagnosed By

A

EKG

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20
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): non-STEMI Diagnosed By

A

elevated Troponin

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21
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): Assoc. Med

A

ASA, NTG, b-Blocker, Thrombolytic (Heparin)

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22
Q

Acute MI patients must receive this as soon as possible

A

Aspirin 324mg

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23
Q

STEMI patients must get here

A

Cath-lab

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24
Q

STEMI patients must get to Cath-lab within # minutes of arrival

A

within 90 minutes of arrival

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25
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI): Make sure to document this

A

ED arrival and depart times

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26
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Etiology

A

The heart becomes enlarged, inefficient, and congested with excess fluid

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27
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Catch Phrase

A

SOB with peel edema and orthopnea

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28
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Chief Complaint

A

Shortness of Breath, worse with lying flat (orthopnea), Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND), Dyspnea on exertion (DOE)

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29
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Physical Exam

A

Rales (Crackles) in lungs, Jugular Vein Distension (JVD) in neck

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30
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Assoc. Med

A

Diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide)

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31
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Diagnosed By

A

CXR -or- elevated BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)

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32
Q

Caused by fluid getting backed up down the legs

A

Pedal Edema

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33
Q

Caused by fluid getting backed up in the neck

A

JVD

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34
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Etiology

A

Electrical abnormalities in the “wiring” of the heart causes the top of the heart (atria) to quiver abnormally

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35
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Chief Complaint

A

Palpitations (Fast, Pounding, Irregular)

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36
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Risk Factors

A

Paroxysmal A Fib, Chronic A Fib

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37
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Physical Exam

A

Irregularly irregular rhythm, Tachycardia

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38
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Diagnosed By

A

EKG

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39
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Assoc. Med

A

Coumadin (Warfarin): Blood thinner, prevents blood clots in atria

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40
Q

Main concern of A-Fib for ED

A

Rapid Ventricular Response (RVR)

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41
Q

Done to patients with A-Fib Rapid Ventricular Response

A

“Cardioverted”, which means they are put back into a regular rhythm (NSR)

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42
Q

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart causing CP

A

Pericarditis

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43
Q

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the lungs causing type of CP

A

Pleurisy (causes pleuritic CP)

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44
Q

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Irritation of the ribs causing CP worsened by pressing on the sternum

A

Costochondritis

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45
Q

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Irritation of the chest wall causing pain with palpation of the chest

A

Chest Wall Pain

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46
Q

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Fluid collecting around the lungs

A

Pleural Effusion

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47
Q

2 chief complaints of pleural effusion

A

SOB, CP

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48
Q

MI: What is it?

A

Heart Attack

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49
Q

MI: Diagnosed by?

A

EKG or Elevated Troponin

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50
Q

AFib: What is it?

A

Electrical problem

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51
Q

AFib: Diagnosed by?

A

EKG

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52
Q

CHF: What is it?

A

Fluid traffic jam

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53
Q

CHF: Diagnosed by?

A

CXR or BNP

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54
Q

CAD: What is it?

A

Major risk factor for MI

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55
Q

CAD: Diagnosed by?

A

Positive heart cath (not in ED)

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56
Q

Angina: What is it?

A

Symptom of CAD

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57
Q

Angina: Diagnosed by?

A

Exertional CP with Hx of CAD

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58
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Etiology

A

A blood clot becomes lodged in the pulmonary artery and blocks blood flow to the lungs

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59
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Catch Phrase

A

Pleuritic chest pain with tachycardia and hypoxia

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60
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Risk Factors

A

Known DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, Recent surgery, Cancer, A-Fib, Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking

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61
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Chief Complaint

A

SOB or Pleuritic chest pain (CP worse with deep breaths)

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62
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Diagnosed By

A

CTA Chest (CT Chest w/ IV contrast) -or- VQ scan

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63
Q

Aids in detecting clots but cannot diagnose a PE

A

D-dimer

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64
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Etiology

A

Infiltrate (bacterial infection) and inflammation inside the lung

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65
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Catch Phrase

A

Productive cough with fever

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66
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Risk Factors

A

Elderly, Bedridden, Recent chest injury, Recent surgery

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67
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Chief Complaint

A

SOB or Productive cough

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68
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Assoc. Sx

A

Cough with sputum, Fever, Chest pain

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69
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Assoc. Med

A

Rocephin and Zithromax (Antibiotics)

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70
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Physical Exam

A

Rhonchi

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71
Q

Pneumonia (PNA): Diagnosed By

A

CXR

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72
Q

Protocol type that applies to pt’s with PNA

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

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73
Q

CAP (Community Acquired Pneumonia) protocol requires documenting these (5)

A

Abx, Vital Signs, SaO2, Mental Status, Blood cultures

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74
Q

Pneumothorax (PTX): Etiology

A

Collapsed lung due to trauma or a spontaneous small rapture of the lung

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75
Q

Pneumothorax (PTX): Chief Complaint

A

SOB and one-sided chest pain, sudden onset, often trauma patients

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76
Q

Pneumothorax (PTX): Physical Exam

A

Absent breath sounds unilaterally

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77
Q

Pneumothorax (PTX): Diagnosed By

A

CXR

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78
Q

Make sure to document this for PTX

A

Percent of lung collapsed (% PTX)

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79
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Etiology

A

Long-term damage to the lung’s alveoli (emphysema) along with inflammation and mucous production (chronic bronchitis)

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80
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Risk Factors

A

Smoking

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81
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Chief Complaint

A

SOB

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82
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Physical Exam

A

Decreased breath sounds, Wheezes, Rales

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83
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Assoc. Meds

A

Home O2

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84
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Diagnosed By

A

CXR and Hx of smoking

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85
Q

Need to document this for Assoc. Meds of COPD

A

How much home O2 used at baseline

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86
Q

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Etiology

A

Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles

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87
Q

Term for muscular contraction of the bronchioles

A

“bronchospasm”

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88
Q

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Chief Complaint

A

SOB/Wheezing, improved by nebulizer “breathing treatments” (bronchodilators)

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89
Q

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Physical Exam

A

Wheezes (inspiratory or Expiratory)

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90
Q

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Diagnosed By

A

Clinically

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91
Q

Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): The physician will ask the asthma pt (4)

A

1) Do they have home nebulizer (machine)?
2) Have they been on steroids recently?
3) Hx of hospitalization for asthma?
4) Hx of intubation (breathing tube)?

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92
Q

PE: Catch phrase

A

Pleuritic chest pain with tachycardia

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93
Q

PE: Diagnosed by

A

CTA Chest (CT Chest with IV Contrast)

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94
Q

PTX: Catch phrase

A

Unilateral CP and SOB

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95
Q

PTX: Diagnosed by

A

CXR

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96
Q

PNA: Catch phrase

A

SOB and productive cough

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97
Q

PNA: Diagnosed by

A

CXR

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98
Q

COPD: Catch phrase

A

SOB with Hx of smoking

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99
Q

COPD: Diagnosed by

A

CXR with Hx of smoking

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100
Q

Asthma: Catch phrase

A

Wheezing with Hx of Asthma

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101
Q

Asthma: Diagnosed by

A

Clinically

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102
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Etiology

A

Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the brain resulting in permanent brain damage

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103
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Chief Complaint

A

Unilateral focal neurological deficits: One-sided weakness/numbness or changes in speech/vision

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104
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Risk Factors

A

HTN, HLD, DM, Hx TIA/CVA, Smoking, FHx CVA, A-Fib

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105
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Physical Exam

A

Neurological deficits: hemiparesis, unilateral paresthesias, aphasia, visual field deficits

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106
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Diagnosed By

A

Clinically, Potentially normal CT Head

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107
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Always document (2)

A

Date/time “last known well” (baseline), source of info

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108
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Date/time “last known well” used to access eligibility for this

A

tPA

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109
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): tPA

A

Powerful blood thinner that can reverse a CVA

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110
Q

Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Document tPA considered and not indicated due to (2)

A

Onset greater than 3 hours or unknown/unreliable time of onset, Symptoms rapidly improving

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111
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Etiology

A

Traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the head leads to bleeding in the brain

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112
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Chief Complaint

A

Headache, sudden onset (thunderclap, worst of life)

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113
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Assoc. Sx

A

Changes in Speech, Vision, Sensation (numbness), or Motor strength (weakness), AMS, Seizure

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114
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Physical Exam

A

Unilateral neurological deficits

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115
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Diagnosed By

A

CT Head or LP (lumbar puncture)

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116
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Make sure to document

A

“tPA not indicated due to hemorrhage”

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117
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Etiology

A

Vascular changes temporarily deprive a part of the brain of oxygen (symptoms usually last less than 1 hour)

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118
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Chief Complaint

A

Transient focal neurological deficit, changes in speech, vision, strength, or sensation

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119
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Diagnosed By

A

Clinically

120
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Make sure to document

A

“tPA considered and not indicated due to the fact that symptoms are resolved”

121
Q

Meningitis: Etiology

A

Inflammation and infection of the meninges

122
Q

Meninges

A

The sac surrounding the brain and spinal cord

123
Q

Meningitis: Chief Complaint

A

Headache

124
Q

Meningitis: Assoc. Sx

A

Fever, Neck pain, Neck stiffness, AMS

125
Q

Meningitis: Physical Exam

A

Meningismus, Nuchal rigidity

126
Q

Meningitis: Diagnosed By

A

Lumbar Puncture (LP)

127
Q

Spinal Cord Injury: Etiology

A

Injury to the spinal cord may create weakness or numbness in the extremities past the site of the injury

128
Q

Spinal Cord Injury: Chief Complaint

A

Neck pain or Back pain, Bilateral extremity weakness

129
Q

Spinal Cord Injury: Physical Exam

A

Midline bony tenderness, deformities, or step-offs, Bilateral extremity weakness, Numbness, Decreased rectal tone

130
Q

Spinal Cord Injury: Diagnosed By

A

CT Cervical Spine (Neck), CT Thoracic Spine (Upper back), CT Lumbar Spine (Lower back)

131
Q

Spinal Cord Injury: Remember to document

A

During the initial physical exam the spine is often immobilized with a C-collar and backboard

132
Q

Seizure (SZ): Etiology

A

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain leading to abnormal physical manifestations. Often caused by epilepsy, ETOH withdrawals, or febrile secure in pediatric pts

133
Q

Seizure (SZ): Chief Complaint

A

Seizure activity, Syncope

134
Q

Seizure (SZ): Assoc. Sx

A

Injuries (tongue bite), Confusion, Headache, Incontinence (urinary or fecal)

135
Q

Seizure (SZ): Physical Exam

A

Somnolent, Confused (Post Ictal)

136
Q

Seizure (SZ): The physician will ask (4)

A

1) Has the patient had a similar SZ in the past?
2) Does the patient have a Hx of seizures?
3) What was the date of their last seizure?
4) What seizure medication do they take?

137
Q

Bells Palsy: Etiology

A

Inflammation or viral infection of the facial nerve causes one-sided weakness of the entire face

138
Q

Bells Palsy: Chief Complaint

A

Facial Droop, sudden onset

139
Q

Bells Palsy: Assoc. Sx

A

Jaw or ear pain, Increased tear flow of one eye

140
Q

Bells Palsy: Pert. Neg

A

No extremity weakness, No changes in speech or vision

141
Q

Bells Palsy: Physical Exam

A

Unilateral weakness of the upper and lower face

142
Q

Bells Palsy: Diagnosed By

A

Clinically

143
Q

Bells Palsy: Most common cause of facial droop in this group

A

Young pts who do not have CVA risk factors

144
Q

Bells Palsy: Remember to document

A

Absence of other FND (focal neurological deficit)

145
Q

Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Etiology

A

Various causes including hypertensive headaches (from high BP), recurrent diagnosed migraines, Sinusitis, etc.

146
Q

Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Chief Complaint

A

Headache (gradual onset), pressure, throbbing

147
Q

Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Pertinent Negatives

A

No fever; No neck stiffness; No numbness/weakness; No changes in speech or vision

148
Q

Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Always remember to document

A

If the HA is similar or dissimilar to any prior HA

149
Q

Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Never document unless specifically instructed by physician

A

“Worst Headache of Life” or “Thunderclap onset”

150
Q

Altered Mental Status (AMS): Etiology

A

Multiple causes: most common are hypoglycemia, infection, intoxication, and neurological

151
Q

Altered Mental Status (AMS): Risk Factors

A

Diabetic, Elderly, Demented, EtOH use, Drug use

152
Q

Altered Mental Status (AMS): Chief Complaint

A

Confusion, Decreased responsiveness, Unresponsive

153
Q

Altered Mental Status (AMS): Diagnosed By

A

Case Dependent

154
Q

Altered Mental Status (AMS): Very different from

A

Focal Neurological Deficit

155
Q

Syncope (Fainting, Passing Out): Etiology

A

Temporary loss of blood supply to the brain resulting in loss of consciousness.Most common causes are vasovagal (dehydration) and low blood volume (hypovolemia). Occasionally occurs due to cardiac/neurologic causes.

156
Q

Syncope (Fainting, Passing Out): Chief Complaint

A

Passing-out vs. About to pass-out (near-syncope)

157
Q

Syncope (Fainting, Passing Out): Make sure to document

A

What happened prior, during, and after the syncopal episode; how the patient currently feels.

158
Q

Vertigo (room spinning): Etiology

A

Harmless problem in the inner ear (benign positional vertigo) -or- Damage in a specific center of the brain (possible CVA)

159
Q

Vertigo (room spinning): Chief Complaint

A

Room-spinning, Feeling off balance (disequilibrium), worsened with head movement

160
Q

Vertigo (room spinning): Assoc. Sx

A

N/V, Tinnitus (ringing in ears)

161
Q

Vertigo (room spinning): Physical Exam

A

Horizontal Nystagmus, + Romberg, + Dix-Hallpike Test

162
Q

Vertigo (room spinning): Assoc. Med

A

Meclizine (Antivert)

163
Q

Vertigo (room spinning): Diagnosed

A

Clinically

164
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA: important things to document

A

tPA Ineligibility

165
Q

Ischemic CVA: important things to document

A

tPA Eligibility

166
Q

Meningitis: important things to document

A

HA, Fever, Neckpain

167
Q

Spinal Cord Injury: important things to document

A

Bilateral extremity weakness

168
Q

TIA: important things to document

A

When did Sx resolve?

169
Q

Seizure: important things to document

A

Post-Ictal state

170
Q

Bell’s Palsy: important things to document

A

Absence of other FND

171
Q

HA/Migraine: important things to document

A

Similar Sx in past?

172
Q

AMS: important things to document

A

Infection? DM? Drugs? Baseline?

173
Q

Syncope: important things to document

A

Before, during, after, current status

174
Q

Vertigo: important things to document

A

N/V, Nystagmus

175
Q

Epigastric: Associated Organ

A

Stomach

176
Q

Epigastric: Associated Diseases

A

GERD, MI

177
Q

RUQ: Associated Organ

A

Gallbladder

178
Q

RUQ: Associated Diseases

A

Cholecystitis

179
Q

LUQ: Associated Organ

A

Pancreas

180
Q

LUQ: Associated Diseases

A

Pancreatitis

181
Q

Periumbillical: Associated Organ

A

Small intestines

182
Q

Periumbillical: Associated Diseases

A

SBO (small bowel obstruction)

183
Q

RLQ: Associated Organ

A

Appendix

184
Q

RLQ: Associated Diseases

A

Appendicitis

185
Q

LLQ: Associated Organ

A

Large intestine (colon)

186
Q

LLQ: Associated Diseases

A

Diverticulitis

187
Q

Suprapubic: Associated Organ

A

Bladder, Ovaries

188
Q

Suprapubic: Associated Diseases

A

UTI, Ovarian Torsion or Ovarian Cyst

189
Q

R Flank / L Flank: Associated Organ

A

Kidney

190
Q

R Flank / L Flank: Associated Diseases

A

Pyelonephritis or Renal Calculi

191
Q

Appendicitis (APPY): Etiology

A

Infection of the appendix causes inflammation and blockage, possibly leading to rupture

192
Q

Appendicitis (APPY): Chief Complaint

A

RLQ Pain, gradual onset, constant, worsened with movement

193
Q

Appendicitis (APPY): Assoc. Sx

A

Decreased appetite (anorexia), Fever, N/V

194
Q

Appendicitis (APPY): Physical Exam

A

McBurney’s point tenderness, RLQ tenderness

195
Q

Appendicitis (APPY): Diagnosed By

A

CT A/P with PO contrast

196
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Etiology

A

Physical blockage of a small intestine

197
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Risk Factor

A

Elderly, infants, Abdominal surgery

198
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Chief Complaint

A

Abdominal pain, Vomitting

199
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Assoc. Sx

A

Distension, Bloating, No BMs

200
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Physical Exam

A

Abdominal tenderness, Guarding, Rebound, Abnormal bowel sounds, Abdominal dissension, Tympany

201
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Diagnosed By

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast, Acute Abdominal Series (AAS)

202
Q

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Etiology

A

Minerals from the liver’s bile condense to form gallstones which can irritate, inflame, or obstruct the gallbladder

203
Q

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Catch Phrase

A

RUQ abdominal pain after eating fatty foods

204
Q

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Chief Complaint

A

RUQ Pain, sharp, worsened with eating, deep breaths, and palpation

205
Q

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Diagnosed By

A

Abdominal US, RUQ

206
Q

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Physical Exam

A

RUQ tenderness, Murphy’s sign

207
Q

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Etiology

A

Hemorrhage in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract can lead to anemia

208
Q

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Chief Complaint

A

Hematemesis (upper), Coffee ground emesis (lower), Hematochezia (lower), Melena (upper)

209
Q

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Assoc. Sx

A

Generalized weakness, lightheadedness, SOB, abdominal pain, rectal pain

210
Q

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Physical Exam

A

Pale conjunctiva, Pallor, Tachycardia, Rectal Exam: melena, grossly bloody stool

211
Q

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Diagnosed By

A

Heme positive stool (Guaiac positive)

212
Q

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): ED Concern

A

Possible blood transfusion due to significant blood loss

213
Q

Diverticulitis: Etiology

A

Acute inflammation and infection of abnormal pockets of the large intestine, known as diverticuli

214
Q

Diverticulitis: Risk Factors

A

Diverticulosis, Advanced age

215
Q

Diverticulitis: Chief Complaint

A

LLQ Pain

216
Q

Diverticulitis: Assoc. Sx

A

Nausea, Fever, Diarrhea

217
Q

Diverticulitis: Diagnosed By

A

CT A/P with PO Contrast

218
Q

Pancreatitis: Etiology

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

219
Q

Pancreatitis: Risk Factors

A

EtOH abuse, Cholecystitis, specific medications

220
Q

Pancreatitis: Chief Complaint

A

LUQ Pain, Epigastric pain

221
Q

Pancreatitis: Assoc. Sx

A

N/V

222
Q

Pancreatitis: Physical Exam

A

Epigastric tenderness

223
Q

Pancreatitis: Diagnosed By

A

Elevated Lipase lab test (or sometimes elevated Amylase)

224
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Etiology

A

Stomach acid regurgitating into the esophagus

225
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chief Complaint

A

Epigastric Pain, burning, improved with antacids

226
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Physical Exam

A

Epigastric tenderness

227
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Assoc. Meds

A

GI cocktail (numbs and soothes the esophagus and stomach)

228
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Done to patients with cardiac risk factors and epigastric pain

A

Cardiac workup (rule out MI)

229
Q

Opportunistic bacteria that causes persistent diarrhea

A

C. Diff Colitis

230
Q

Vomiting and diarrhea; “GI Bug” often viral or bacterial

A

Gastroenteritis

231
Q

Immune disorder causing diarrhea and abdominal pain

A

Crohn’s Disease

232
Q

Chronically sensitive bowels prone to diarrhea

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

233
Q

Irritated stomach with vomiting; “Stomach ache”

A

Gastritis

234
Q

Appendicitis: diagnosed by

A

CT A/P with PO

235
Q

Appendicitis: abdominal region

A

RLQ

236
Q

SBO: abdominal region

A

Periumbillical

237
Q

SBO: diagnosed by

A

CT A/P with PO, AAS

238
Q

Cholecystitis: abdominal region

A

RUQ

239
Q

Cholecystitis: diagnosed by

A

US RUQ

240
Q

GI Bleed: abdominal region

A

any

241
Q

GI Bleed: diagnosed by

A

Guaiac (Heme) Positive

242
Q

Diverticulitis: abdominal region

A

LLQ

243
Q

Diverticulitis: diagnosed by

A

CT A/P with PO

244
Q

Pancreatitis: abdominal region

A

Epigastric, LUQ

245
Q

Pancreatitis: diagnosed by

A

Elevated Lipase

246
Q

GERD: abdominal region

A

Epigastric

247
Q

GERD: diagnosed by

A

Endoscopy (not in ED)

248
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Etiology

A

Infection in the bladder or urethra

249
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Risk Factors

A

Female

250
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Chief Complaint

A

Dysuria (painful urination)

251
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Assoc. Sx

A

Frequency, Urgency, Malodorous urine, AMS (elderly)

252
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Physical Exam

A

Suprapubic tenderness

253
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Diagnosed By

A

Urine dip or Urinalysis (Nitrite, WBC, and Bacteria in urine)

254
Q

Pyelonephritis: Etiology

A

Infection of the tissue in the kidneys, usually spread from a UTI

255
Q

Pyelonephritis: Risk Factors

A

Female, frequent UTI’s

256
Q

Pyelonephritis: Chief Complaint

A

Flank pain with dysuria

257
Q

Pyelonephritis: Assoc. Sx

A

Fever, N/V

258
Q

Pyelonephritis: Physical Exam

A

Costo-Vertebral Angle (CVA) tenderness

259
Q

Pyelonephritis: Diagnosed By

A

CT Abd/Pel without contrast, or confirmed UTI by UA with CVA tenderness

260
Q

Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Etiology

A

A kidney stone dislodges from the kidney and begins traveling down the ureter. The stone scrapes and irritates the ureter, causing severe flank pain and bloody urine.

261
Q

Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Chief Complaint

A

Flank Pain, sudden onset, radiating to groin

262
Q

Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Assoc. Sx

A

Hematuria, N/V, Unable to void

263
Q

Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Physical Exam

A

CVA tenderness

264
Q

Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Diagnosed By

A

CT Abd/Pelvis, RBC in UA may be a clue

265
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Etiology

A

Fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. High risk for rupture and death.

266
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Risk Factors

A

Pregnant female (HCG positive), STD (PID)

267
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Diagnosed By

A

US Pelvis

268
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Test always received by female with confirmed pregnancy complaining of lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding

A

US Pelvis

269
Q

Ovarian Torsion: Etiology

A

Twisting of an ovarian artery reducing blood flow to an ovary, possibly resulting in infarct of the ovary

270
Q

Ovarian Torsion: Chief Complaint

A

Lower abdominal pain (RLQ or LLQ)

271
Q

Ovarian Torsion: Physical Exam

A

Adnexal tenderness (R or L); Tenderness in RLQ or LLQ

272
Q

Ovarian Torsion: Diagnosed By

A

US Pelvis

273
Q

Ovarian Torsion: Make sure to document (3)

A

Time of pt arrival, US results, surgical consultations

274
Q

Testicular Torsion: Etiology

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord resulting in loss of blood flow and nerve function to the testicle

275
Q

Testicular Torsion: Chief Complaint

A

Testicular pain

276
Q

Testicular Torsion: Physical Exam

A

Testicular tenderness and swelling (R or L)

277
Q

Testicular Torsion: Diagnosed By

A

US Scrotum

278
Q

UTI: diagnosed by

A

Urinalysis (WBC, Nitrite, or Bacteria)

279
Q

Pyelo: diagnosed by

A

CT Abdomen/Pelvis (A/P), UTI with CVA tenderness on exam

280
Q

Kidney Stone: diagnosed by

A

CT A/P (RBC in UA may be a clue)

281
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy: diagnosed by

A

US Pelvis

282
Q

Ovarian Torsion: diagnosed by

A

US Pelvis

283
Q

Testicular Torsion: diagnosed by

A

US Scrotum

284
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Etiology

A

Most often viral infection causes congestion, cough, and inflammation of the upper airway. “common cold”

285
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Chief Complaint

A

Cough/Congestion

286
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Assoc. Sx

A

Fever, Sore throat, Headache, Myalgias

287
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Physical Exam

A

Rhinorrhea, Boggy Turbinates, Pharyngeal Erythema

288
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Diagnosed By

A

Clinically

289
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Do not document CP or SOB to create impression of these

A

MI or PE

290
Q

PNA

A

Pneumonia

291
Q

PTX

A

Pneumothorax

292
Q

RAD

A

Reactive Airway Disease

293
Q

SZ

A

Seizure

294
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

295
Q

APPY

A

Appendicitis

296
Q

SBO

A

Small Bowel Obstruction

297
Q

URI

A

Upper Respiratory Infection

ScribeAmerica (8 decks)

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