Course 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Specific symptoms that raise the physician’s suspicion for a particular disease
A
Pertinent Positives
2
Q
Specific symptoms that are not present which cause the physician to doubt certain diagnoses
A
Pertinent Negatives
3
Q
Ordered when physician has suspicion about a certain disease that can diagnose it or rule it out
A
Objective Study
4
Q
2 ways physician rules out or diagnoses disease
A
Objective Study, Physical Exam
5
Q
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Etiology
A
Narrowing of the coronary arteries limits blood supply to the heart muscle causing angina (chest pain specifically due to heart-muscle ischemia)
6
Q
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Catch Phrase
A
Chest pain with physical exertion
7
Q
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Chief Complaint
A
Chest pain or pressure, worse with exertion, improved by rest or NTG
8
Q
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Assoc. Med
A
Aspirin (ASA) 324mg PO, Nitroglycerin (NTG) 0.4mg SL
9
Q
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Diagnosed By
A
Cardiac catheterization (Not diagnosed in the ED)
10
Q
Single greatest risk factor for an MI
A
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
11
Q
Assess the severity of CAD (2)
A
Stress tests -or- Cardiac Catherization
12
Q
A patient has CAD if they have a PMHx of (5)
A
Angina, MI, CABG, Cardiac stents, Angioplasty
13
Q
Received by every patient complaining of Chest Pain
A
Aspirin 324mg PO
14
Q
Exceptions to giving ASA for patient complaining of CP (2)
A
Given PTA, Contraindicated due to bleeding or allergy
15
Q
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Etiology
A
Acute blockage of the coronary arteries results in ischemia and infarct of the heart muscle
16
Q
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Catch Phrase
A
Chest pressure with diaphoresis, N/V, and SOB
17
Q
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Risk Factors
A
CAD, HTN, HLD, DM, Smoker, FHx of CAD
18
Q
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Chief Complaint
A
Chest pain or pressure
19
Q
Myocardial Infarction (MI): STEMI Diagnosed By
A
EKG
20
Q
Myocardial Infarction (MI): non-STEMI Diagnosed By
A
elevated Troponin
21
Q
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Assoc. Med
A
ASA, NTG, b-Blocker, Thrombolytic (Heparin)
22
Q
Acute MI patients must receive this as soon as possible
A
Aspirin 324mg
23
Q
STEMI patients must get here
A
Cath-lab
24
Q
STEMI patients must get to Cath-lab within # minutes of arrival
A
within 90 minutes of arrival
25
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Make sure to document this
ED arrival and depart times
26
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Etiology
The heart becomes enlarged, inefficient, and congested with excess fluid
27
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Catch Phrase
SOB with peel edema and orthopnea
28
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Chief Complaint
Shortness of Breath, worse with lying flat (orthopnea), Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND), Dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
29
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Physical Exam
Rales (Crackles) in lungs, Jugular Vein Distension (JVD) in neck
30
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Assoc. Med
Diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide)
31
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Diagnosed By
CXR -or- elevated BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)
32
Caused by fluid getting backed up down the legs
Pedal Edema
33
Caused by fluid getting backed up in the neck
JVD
34
Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Etiology
Electrical abnormalities in the "wiring" of the heart causes the top of the heart (atria) to quiver abnormally
35
Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Chief Complaint
Palpitations (Fast, Pounding, Irregular)
36
Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Risk Factors
Paroxysmal A Fib, Chronic A Fib
37
Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Physical Exam
Irregularly irregular rhythm, Tachycardia
38
Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Diagnosed By
EKG
39
Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB): Assoc. Med
Coumadin (Warfarin): Blood thinner, prevents blood clots in atria
40
Main concern of A-Fib for ED
Rapid Ventricular Response (RVR)
41
Done to patients with A-Fib Rapid Ventricular Response
"Cardioverted", which means they are put back into a regular rhythm (NSR)
42
Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart causing CP
Pericarditis
43
Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the lungs causing type of CP
Pleurisy (causes pleuritic CP)
44
Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Irritation of the ribs causing CP worsened by pressing on the sternum
Costochondritis
45
Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Irritation of the chest wall causing pain with palpation of the chest
Chest Wall Pain
46
Non-Cardiac Chest Pain: Fluid collecting around the lungs
Pleural Effusion
47
2 chief complaints of pleural effusion
SOB, CP
48
MI: What is it?
Heart Attack
49
MI: Diagnosed by?
EKG or Elevated Troponin
50
AFib: What is it?
Electrical problem
51
AFib: Diagnosed by?
EKG
52
CHF: What is it?
Fluid traffic jam
53
CHF: Diagnosed by?
CXR or BNP
54
CAD: What is it?
Major risk factor for MI
55
CAD: Diagnosed by?
Positive heart cath (not in ED)
56
Angina: What is it?
Symptom of CAD
57
Angina: Diagnosed by?
Exertional CP with Hx of CAD
58
Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Etiology
A blood clot becomes lodged in the pulmonary artery and blocks blood flow to the lungs
59
Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Catch Phrase
Pleuritic chest pain with tachycardia and hypoxia
60
Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Risk Factors
Known DVT, PMHx of DVT or PE, FHx, Recent surgery, Cancer, A-Fib, Immobility, Pregnancy, BCP, Smoking
61
Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Chief Complaint
SOB or Pleuritic chest pain (CP worse with deep breaths)
62
Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Diagnosed By
CTA Chest (CT Chest w/ IV contrast) -or- VQ scan
63
Aids in detecting clots but cannot diagnose a PE
D-dimer
64
Pneumonia (PNA): Etiology
Infiltrate (bacterial infection) and inflammation inside the lung
65
Pneumonia (PNA): Catch Phrase
Productive cough with fever
66
Pneumonia (PNA): Risk Factors
Elderly, Bedridden, Recent chest injury, Recent surgery
67
Pneumonia (PNA): Chief Complaint
SOB or Productive cough
68
Pneumonia (PNA): Assoc. Sx
Cough with sputum, Fever, Chest pain
69
Pneumonia (PNA): Assoc. Med
Rocephin and Zithromax (Antibiotics)
70
Pneumonia (PNA): Physical Exam
Rhonchi
71
Pneumonia (PNA): Diagnosed By
CXR
72
Protocol type that applies to pt's with PNA
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
73
CAP (Community Acquired Pneumonia) protocol requires documenting these (5)
Abx, Vital Signs, SaO2, Mental Status, Blood cultures
74
Pneumothorax (PTX): Etiology
Collapsed lung due to trauma or a spontaneous small rapture of the lung
75
Pneumothorax (PTX): Chief Complaint
SOB and one-sided chest pain, sudden onset, often trauma patients
76
Pneumothorax (PTX): Physical Exam
Absent breath sounds unilaterally
77
Pneumothorax (PTX): Diagnosed By
CXR
78
Make sure to document this for PTX
Percent of lung collapsed (% PTX)
79
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Etiology
Long-term damage to the lung's alveoli (emphysema) along with inflammation and mucous production (chronic bronchitis)
80
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Risk Factors
Smoking
81
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Chief Complaint
SOB
82
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Physical Exam
Decreased breath sounds, Wheezes, Rales
83
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Assoc. Meds
Home O2
84
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Diagnosed By
CXR and Hx of smoking
85
Need to document this for Assoc. Meds of COPD
How much home O2 used at baseline
86
Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Etiology
Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles
87
Term for muscular contraction of the bronchioles
"bronchospasm"
88
Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Chief Complaint
SOB/Wheezing, improved by nebulizer "breathing treatments" (bronchodilators)
89
Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Physical Exam
Wheezes (inspiratory or Expiratory)
90
Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): Diagnosed By
Clinically
91
Reactive Airway Disease (RAD): The physician will ask the asthma pt (4)
1) Do they have home nebulizer (machine)?
2) Have they been on steroids recently?
3) Hx of hospitalization for asthma?
4) Hx of intubation (breathing tube)?
92
PE: Catch phrase
Pleuritic chest pain with tachycardia
93
PE: Diagnosed by
CTA Chest (CT Chest with IV Contrast)
94
PTX: Catch phrase
Unilateral CP and SOB
95
PTX: Diagnosed by
CXR
96
PNA: Catch phrase
SOB and productive cough
97
PNA: Diagnosed by
CXR
98
COPD: Catch phrase
SOB with Hx of smoking
99
COPD: Diagnosed by
CXR with Hx of smoking
100
Asthma: Catch phrase
Wheezing with Hx of Asthma
101
Asthma: Diagnosed by
Clinically
102
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Etiology
Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the brain resulting in permanent brain damage
103
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Chief Complaint
Unilateral focal neurological deficits: One-sided weakness/numbness or changes in speech/vision
104
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Risk Factors
HTN, HLD, DM, Hx TIA/CVA, Smoking, FHx CVA, A-Fib
105
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Physical Exam
Neurological deficits: hemiparesis, unilateral paresthesias, aphasia, visual field deficits
106
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Diagnosed By
Clinically, Potentially normal CT Head
107
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Always document (2)
Date/time "last known well" (baseline), source of info
108
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Date/time "last known well" used to access eligibility for this
tPA
109
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): tPA
Powerful blood thinner that can reverse a CVA
110
Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA): Document tPA considered and not indicated due to (2)
Onset greater than 3 hours or unknown/unreliable time of onset, Symptoms rapidly improving
111
Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Etiology
Traumatic or spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the head leads to bleeding in the brain
112
Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Chief Complaint
Headache, sudden onset (thunderclap, worst of life)
113
Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Assoc. Sx
Changes in Speech, Vision, Sensation (numbness), or Motor strength (weakness), AMS, Seizure
114
Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Physical Exam
Unilateral neurological deficits
115
Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Diagnosed By
CT Head or LP (lumbar puncture)
116
Hemorrhagic CVA (brain bleed): Make sure to document
"tPA not indicated due to hemorrhage"
117
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Etiology
Vascular changes temporarily deprive a part of the brain of oxygen (symptoms usually last less than 1 hour)
118
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Chief Complaint
Transient focal neurological deficit, changes in speech, vision, strength, or sensation
119
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Diagnosed By
Clinically
120
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Make sure to document
"tPA considered and not indicated due to the fact that symptoms are resolved"
121
Meningitis: Etiology
Inflammation and infection of the meninges
122
Meninges
The sac surrounding the brain and spinal cord
123
Meningitis: Chief Complaint
Headache
124
Meningitis: Assoc. Sx
Fever, Neck pain, Neck stiffness, AMS
125
Meningitis: Physical Exam
Meningismus, Nuchal rigidity
126
Meningitis: Diagnosed By
Lumbar Puncture (LP)
127
Spinal Cord Injury: Etiology
Injury to the spinal cord may create weakness or numbness in the extremities past the site of the injury
128
Spinal Cord Injury: Chief Complaint
Neck pain or Back pain, Bilateral extremity weakness
129
Spinal Cord Injury: Physical Exam
Midline bony tenderness, deformities, or step-offs, Bilateral extremity weakness, Numbness, Decreased rectal tone
130
Spinal Cord Injury: Diagnosed By
CT Cervical Spine (Neck), CT Thoracic Spine (Upper back), CT Lumbar Spine (Lower back)
131
Spinal Cord Injury: Remember to document
During the initial physical exam the spine is often immobilized with a C-collar and backboard
132
Seizure (SZ): Etiology
Abnormal electrical activity in the brain leading to abnormal physical manifestations. Often caused by epilepsy, ETOH withdrawals, or febrile secure in pediatric pts
133
Seizure (SZ): Chief Complaint
Seizure activity, Syncope
134
Seizure (SZ): Assoc. Sx
Injuries (tongue bite), Confusion, Headache, Incontinence (urinary or fecal)
135
Seizure (SZ): Physical Exam
Somnolent, Confused (Post Ictal)
136
Seizure (SZ): The physician will ask (4)
1) Has the patient had a similar SZ in the past?
2) Does the patient have a Hx of seizures?
3) What was the date of their last seizure?
4) What seizure medication do they take?
137
Bells Palsy: Etiology
Inflammation or viral infection of the facial nerve causes one-sided weakness of the entire face
138
Bells Palsy: Chief Complaint
Facial Droop, sudden onset
139
Bells Palsy: Assoc. Sx
Jaw or ear pain, Increased tear flow of one eye
140
Bells Palsy: Pert. Neg
No extremity weakness, No changes in speech or vision
141
Bells Palsy: Physical Exam
Unilateral weakness of the upper and lower face
142
Bells Palsy: Diagnosed By
Clinically
143
Bells Palsy: Most common cause of facial droop in this group
Young pts who do not have CVA risk factors
144
Bells Palsy: Remember to document
Absence of other FND (focal neurological deficit)
145
Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Etiology
Various causes including hypertensive headaches (from high BP), recurrent diagnosed migraines, Sinusitis, etc.
146
Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Chief Complaint
Headache (gradual onset), pressure, throbbing
147
Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Pertinent Negatives
No fever; No neck stiffness; No numbness/weakness; No changes in speech or vision
148
Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Always remember to document
If the HA is similar or dissimilar to any prior HA
149
Headache (HA), Cephalgia: Never document unless specifically instructed by physician
"Worst Headache of Life" or "Thunderclap onset"
150
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Etiology
Multiple causes: most common are hypoglycemia, infection, intoxication, and neurological
151
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Risk Factors
Diabetic, Elderly, Demented, EtOH use, Drug use
152
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Chief Complaint
Confusion, Decreased responsiveness, Unresponsive
153
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Diagnosed By
Case Dependent
154
Altered Mental Status (AMS): Very different from
Focal Neurological Deficit
155
Syncope (Fainting, Passing Out): Etiology
Temporary loss of blood supply to the brain resulting in loss of consciousness.Most common causes are vasovagal (dehydration) and low blood volume (hypovolemia). Occasionally occurs due to cardiac/neurologic causes.
156
Syncope (Fainting, Passing Out): Chief Complaint
Passing-out vs. About to pass-out (near-syncope)
157
Syncope (Fainting, Passing Out): Make sure to document
What happened prior, during, and after the syncopal episode; how the patient currently feels.
158
Vertigo (room spinning): Etiology
Harmless problem in the inner ear (benign positional vertigo) -or- Damage in a specific center of the brain (possible CVA)
159
Vertigo (room spinning): Chief Complaint
Room-spinning, Feeling off balance (disequilibrium), worsened with head movement
160
Vertigo (room spinning): Assoc. Sx
N/V, Tinnitus (ringing in ears)
161
Vertigo (room spinning): Physical Exam
Horizontal Nystagmus, + Romberg, + Dix-Hallpike Test
162
Vertigo (room spinning): Assoc. Med
Meclizine (Antivert)
163
Vertigo (room spinning): Diagnosed
Clinically
164
Hemorrhagic CVA: important things to document
tPA Ineligibility
165
Ischemic CVA: important things to document
tPA Eligibility
166
Meningitis: important things to document
HA, Fever, Neckpain
167
Spinal Cord Injury: important things to document
Bilateral extremity weakness
168
TIA: important things to document
When did Sx resolve?
169
Seizure: important things to document
Post-Ictal state
170
Bell's Palsy: important things to document
Absence of other FND
171
HA/Migraine: important things to document
Similar Sx in past?
172
AMS: important things to document
Infection? DM? Drugs? Baseline?
173
Syncope: important things to document
Before, during, after, current status
174
Vertigo: important things to document
N/V, Nystagmus
175
Epigastric: Associated Organ
Stomach
176
Epigastric: Associated Diseases
GERD, MI
177
RUQ: Associated Organ
Gallbladder
178
RUQ: Associated Diseases
Cholecystitis
179
LUQ: Associated Organ
Pancreas
180
LUQ: Associated Diseases
Pancreatitis
181
Periumbillical: Associated Organ
Small intestines
182
Periumbillical: Associated Diseases
SBO (small bowel obstruction)
183
RLQ: Associated Organ
Appendix
184
RLQ: Associated Diseases
Appendicitis
185
LLQ: Associated Organ
Large intestine (colon)
186
LLQ: Associated Diseases
Diverticulitis
187
Suprapubic: Associated Organ
Bladder, Ovaries
188
Suprapubic: Associated Diseases
UTI, Ovarian Torsion or Ovarian Cyst
189
R Flank / L Flank: Associated Organ
Kidney
190
R Flank / L Flank: Associated Diseases
Pyelonephritis or Renal Calculi
191
Appendicitis (APPY): Etiology
Infection of the appendix causes inflammation and blockage, possibly leading to rupture
192
Appendicitis (APPY): Chief Complaint
RLQ Pain, gradual onset, constant, worsened with movement
193
Appendicitis (APPY): Assoc. Sx
Decreased appetite (anorexia), Fever, N/V
194
Appendicitis (APPY): Physical Exam
McBurney's point tenderness, RLQ tenderness
195
Appendicitis (APPY): Diagnosed By
CT A/P with PO contrast
196
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Etiology
Physical blockage of a small intestine
197
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Risk Factor
Elderly, infants, Abdominal surgery
198
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Chief Complaint
Abdominal pain, Vomitting
199
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Assoc. Sx
Distension, Bloating, No BMs
200
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Physical Exam
Abdominal tenderness, Guarding, Rebound, Abnormal bowel sounds, Abdominal dissension, Tympany
201
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO): Diagnosed By
CT A/P with PO Contrast, Acute Abdominal Series (AAS)
202
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Etiology
Minerals from the liver's bile condense to form gallstones which can irritate, inflame, or obstruct the gallbladder
203
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Catch Phrase
RUQ abdominal pain after eating fatty foods
204
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Chief Complaint
RUQ Pain, sharp, worsened with eating, deep breaths, and palpation
205
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Diagnosed By
Abdominal US, RUQ
206
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis): Physical Exam
RUQ tenderness, Murphy's sign
207
Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Etiology
Hemorrhage in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract can lead to anemia
208
Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Chief Complaint
Hematemesis (upper), Coffee ground emesis (lower), Hematochezia (lower), Melena (upper)
209
Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Assoc. Sx
Generalized weakness, lightheadedness, SOB, abdominal pain, rectal pain
210
Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Physical Exam
Pale conjunctiva, Pallor, Tachycardia, Rectal Exam: melena, grossly bloody stool
211
Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): Diagnosed By
Heme positive stool (Guaiac positive)
212
Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed): ED Concern
Possible blood transfusion due to significant blood loss
213
Diverticulitis: Etiology
Acute inflammation and infection of abnormal pockets of the large intestine, known as diverticuli
214
Diverticulitis: Risk Factors
Diverticulosis, Advanced age
215
Diverticulitis: Chief Complaint
LLQ Pain
216
Diverticulitis: Assoc. Sx
Nausea, Fever, Diarrhea
217
Diverticulitis: Diagnosed By
CT A/P with PO Contrast
218
Pancreatitis: Etiology
Inflammation of the pancreas
219
Pancreatitis: Risk Factors
EtOH abuse, Cholecystitis, specific medications
220
Pancreatitis: Chief Complaint
LUQ Pain, Epigastric pain
221
Pancreatitis: Assoc. Sx
N/V
222
Pancreatitis: Physical Exam
Epigastric tenderness
223
Pancreatitis: Diagnosed By
Elevated Lipase lab test (or sometimes elevated Amylase)
224
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Etiology
Stomach acid regurgitating into the esophagus
225
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chief Complaint
Epigastric Pain, burning, improved with antacids
226
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Physical Exam
Epigastric tenderness
227
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Assoc. Meds
GI cocktail (numbs and soothes the esophagus and stomach)
228
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Done to patients with cardiac risk factors and epigastric pain
Cardiac workup (rule out MI)
229
Opportunistic bacteria that causes persistent diarrhea
C. Diff Colitis
230
Vomiting and diarrhea; "GI Bug" often viral or bacterial
Gastroenteritis
231
Immune disorder causing diarrhea and abdominal pain
Crohn's Disease
232
Chronically sensitive bowels prone to diarrhea
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
233
Irritated stomach with vomiting; "Stomach ache"
Gastritis
234
Appendicitis: diagnosed by
CT A/P with PO
235
Appendicitis: abdominal region
RLQ
236
SBO: abdominal region
Periumbillical
237
SBO: diagnosed by
CT A/P with PO, AAS
238
Cholecystitis: abdominal region
RUQ
239
Cholecystitis: diagnosed by
US RUQ
240
GI Bleed: abdominal region
any
241
GI Bleed: diagnosed by
Guaiac (Heme) Positive
242
Diverticulitis: abdominal region
LLQ
243
Diverticulitis: diagnosed by
CT A/P with PO
244
Pancreatitis: abdominal region
Epigastric, LUQ
245
Pancreatitis: diagnosed by
Elevated Lipase
246
GERD: abdominal region
Epigastric
247
GERD: diagnosed by
Endoscopy (not in ED)
248
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Etiology
Infection in the bladder or urethra
249
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Risk Factors
Female
250
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Chief Complaint
Dysuria (painful urination)
251
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Assoc. Sx
Frequency, Urgency, Malodorous urine, AMS (elderly)
252
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Physical Exam
Suprapubic tenderness
253
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Diagnosed By
Urine dip or Urinalysis (Nitrite, WBC, and Bacteria in urine)
254
Pyelonephritis: Etiology
Infection of the tissue in the kidneys, usually spread from a UTI
255
Pyelonephritis: Risk Factors
Female, frequent UTI's
256
Pyelonephritis: Chief Complaint
Flank pain with dysuria
257
Pyelonephritis: Assoc. Sx
Fever, N/V
258
Pyelonephritis: Physical Exam
Costo-Vertebral Angle (CVA) tenderness
259
Pyelonephritis: Diagnosed By
CT Abd/Pel without contrast, or confirmed UTI by UA with CVA tenderness
260
Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Etiology
A kidney stone dislodges from the kidney and begins traveling down the ureter. The stone scrapes and irritates the ureter, causing severe flank pain and bloody urine.
261
Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Chief Complaint
Flank Pain, sudden onset, radiating to groin
262
Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Assoc. Sx
Hematuria, N/V, Unable to void
263
Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Physical Exam
CVA tenderness
264
Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis, Renal Calculi, Urolithiasis): Diagnosed By
CT Abd/Pelvis, RBC in UA may be a clue
265
Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Etiology
Fertilized egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. High risk for rupture and death.
266
Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Risk Factors
Pregnant female (HCG positive), STD (PID)
267
Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Diagnosed By
US Pelvis
268
Ectopic Pregnancy (Tubal Pregnancy): Test always received by female with confirmed pregnancy complaining of lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding
US Pelvis
269
Ovarian Torsion: Etiology
Twisting of an ovarian artery reducing blood flow to an ovary, possibly resulting in infarct of the ovary
270
Ovarian Torsion: Chief Complaint
Lower abdominal pain (RLQ or LLQ)
271
Ovarian Torsion: Physical Exam
Adnexal tenderness (R or L); Tenderness in RLQ or LLQ
272
Ovarian Torsion: Diagnosed By
US Pelvis
273
Ovarian Torsion: Make sure to document (3)
Time of pt arrival, US results, surgical consultations
274
Testicular Torsion: Etiology
Twisting of the spermatic cord resulting in loss of blood flow and nerve function to the testicle
275
Testicular Torsion: Chief Complaint
Testicular pain
276
Testicular Torsion: Physical Exam
Testicular tenderness and swelling (R or L)
277
Testicular Torsion: Diagnosed By
US Scrotum
278
UTI: diagnosed by
Urinalysis (WBC, Nitrite, or Bacteria)
279
Pyelo: diagnosed by
CT Abdomen/Pelvis (A/P), UTI with CVA tenderness on exam
280
Kidney Stone: diagnosed by
CT A/P (RBC in UA may be a clue)
281
Ectopic Pregnancy: diagnosed by
US Pelvis
282
Ovarian Torsion: diagnosed by
US Pelvis
283
Testicular Torsion: diagnosed by
US Scrotum
284
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Etiology
Most often viral infection causes congestion, cough, and inflammation of the upper airway. "common cold"
285
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Chief Complaint
Cough/Congestion
286
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Assoc. Sx
Fever, Sore throat, Headache, Myalgias
287
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Physical Exam
Rhinorrhea, Boggy Turbinates, Pharyngeal Erythema
288
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Diagnosed By
Clinically
289
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Do not document CP or SOB to create impression of these
MI or PE
290
PNA
Pneumonia
291
PTX
Pneumothorax
292
RAD
Reactive Airway Disease
293
SZ
Seizure
294
Cephalgia
Headache
295
APPY
Appendicitis
296
SBO
Small Bowel Obstruction
297
URI
Upper Respiratory Infection
