course 1 glossary Flashcards
adversarial artificial intelligence
a technique that manipulates artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology to conduct attacks more efficiently
antivirus software
a software program used to prevent, detect, and eliminate malware and viruses
asset
an item perceived as having value to an organization
availability
the idea that data is accessible to those who are authorized to access it
business email compromise (BEC)
a type of phishing attack where a threat actor impersonates a known source to obtain financial advantage
cloud security
the process of ensuring that assets stored in the cloud are properly configured and access to those assets is limited to authorized users
compliance
the process of adhering to internal standards and external regulations
computer virus
malicious code written to interfere with computer operations and cause damage to data and software
confidentiality
only authorized users can access specific assets or data
confidentiality,integrity, and availability, (CIA) triad
the idea that the data is correct, authentic, and reliable
cryptographic attack
an attack that affects secure forms of communication between a sender and intended recipient
cybersecurity (or security)
the practice of ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information by protecting networks, devices, people, and data from unauthorized access or criminal exploitation
database
an organized collection of information or data
data point
a specific piece of information
hacker
any person who used computers to gain access to computer systems,networks,or data
hacktivist
a person who used hacking to achieve political goal
health insurance portability and accountability (HIPAA)
a U.S. federal law established to protect patients health information
integrity
the idea that the data is correct, suthenti
internal threat
a current or former employee, external vendor, or trusted partner who poses a security risk
intrusion detection system (IDS)
an application that monitors system activity and alerts on possible intrusions
linux
an open-source operating system
log
a record of events that occur within an organization’s systems
malware
software designed to harm devices or networks
national institute of standards and technology (NIST) cyber security framework (CSF)
a voluntary framework that consists of standards, guidelines, and best practices to manage cybersecurity risk
network protocol analyzer (packet sniffer)
a tool designed to capture and analyze data traffic within a network
network security
the practice of keeping an organizations network infrastructure secure from unauthorized access
open web application security project (OWASP)
a non profit organization focused on improving software security
order of volatility
a sequence outlining the order of data that must be preserved from first to last
password attack
an attempt to access password secured devices, systems, networks, or data
personally identifiable information (PII)
any information used to infer an individual’s identity
phishing
the use of digits, communications to trick people into revealing sensitive data or deploying malicious software
physical attack
a security incident that affects not only digital but also physical environments where the incident is deployed
physical social engineering
an attack in which a threat actor impersonates an employee, customer, or vendor to obtain unauthorized access to a physical location
privacy protection
the act of safeguarding personal information from unauthorized use
programming
a process that can be used to create specific set of instruments for a computer to execute tasks
protected health information (PHI)
information that relates to the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual
protecting and preserving evidence
the process of properly working with fragile and volatile digital evidence
security architecture
a type of security design composed of multiple components, such as tools and processes, that are used to protect an organization from risks and external threats
security controls
safeguards designed to reduce specific security risks
security ethics
guidelines for making appropriate decisions as a security professional
security frameworks
guidelines used for building plans to help mitigate risk and threats to data and privacy
security governance
practices that help support, define, and direct security efforts of an organization
security information and event management (SIEM)
an application that collects and analyzed log data to monitor critical activities in an organization
security posture
an organizations ability to manage its defense of critical assets and data and react to change
sensitive personally identifiable information (SPII)
a specific type of PII that falls under stricter handling guidelines
social engineering
a manipulation technique that exploits human error to gain private information, access, or valuables
social media phishing
a type of attack where a threat actor collects detailed information about their target on social media sites before initiating the attack
spear phishing
a malicious email attack targeting a specific user of group of users, appearing to originate from a trusted source
SQL (Structured Query Language)
a programming language used to create, interact with, and request information from a database
supply chain attack
an attack that targets systems, applications, hardware, and/or software to locate a vulnerability where malware can be deployed
technical skills
skills that require knowledge of specific tools, procedures, and policies
threat
any circumstance or event that can negatively impact assets
threat actor
any person or group who presents a security risk
transferable skills
skills from other areas that can apply to different careers
USB baiting
an attack in which a threat actor strategically leaves a malware USB stick for an employee to find and install to unknowingly infect a network
virus
refer to “computer virus”
vishing
the exploitation of electronic voice communication to obtain sensitive information or to impersonate a known source
watering hole attack
a type of attack when a threat actor compromises a website frequently visited by a specific group of users
