Course 1: Emergency Department Flow Flashcards
subjective vs. objective
feeling vs. fact
chief complaint
the main reason for the patient’s ED visit
medical decision making
the physician’s thought process
pain vs. tenderness
patient’s feeling vs. physician’s assessment
benign
normal, nothing of concern
distress
the doctor’s judgment of discomfort
febrile
the state of having a fever, concerning for infection
acute
new onset, likely concerning
chronic
long standing, not of direct concern
baseline
an individual’s normal state of being
auscultation
listening with a stethoscope
palpation
the act of pressing on an area by the doctor
inpatient
admitted to the hospital overnight
outpatient
seen and sent home the same day
What is a scribe?
an unlicensed person performing documentation and other non-clinical tasks under the direction of a licensed independent practitioner
What are the 5 things scribes CAN do?
- Document the history, physical exam, results, procedures, and physician consults
- Access and document laboratory results and radiology findings
- Access and display X-rays for the physician to review
- Locate and obtain PMHx, previous charts, past results, and recent studies
- Record physician interpretations of X-rays and ECG’s
What are the 5 things scribe CAN NOT do?
- Touch patients
- Write orders or prescriptions
- Give verbal orders
- Partake in any activity that may affect patient health or outcome
- Sign or authenticate any chart or record
- Handle bodily fluids or specimens
charge nurse
manages the ED patient flow
mid-level provider
nurse practitioner (LNP) or physician assistant (PA) that works under the supervision of a physician to diagnose and treat patients
ED nurse
records medical history, symptoms, monitors the patient, starts IVs, administers medications, and assists with procedures
respiratory therapist (RT)
administers “breathing treatments” and assists with managing a patient’s airway
ED tech
helps the nurse and assists with procedures
unit secretary
places physician’s orders, answers phone calls, pages other specialists/doctors, and organizes the patient’s paperwork
scribe
documents the patient’s visit on behalf of the physician
What is the overview of the ED flow? (5 steps)
Check in and chief complain Physician assessment Objective orders and results Medical decision making Disposition
(CPOMD = cool physicians often make orders)
What is the ED flow BEFORE ORDERS?
- Walk-In (waiting room) or EMS (ambulance bay)
2A. Triage = chief complaint, vital signs, level of activity (5 low and 1 high)
2B. Vital signs (HR, BP, RR, T, SaO2)
- Bed placement
- Nurse assessment (confirm chief complaint, review allergies, brief past medical history)
- History & Physical (H&P)
5A. Subjective: HPI, ROS
5B: Past history (Hx): PMHx, PSHx, FHx, SHx
5C: Objective: physical examination (PE) - Physician orders
What is the ED flow AFTER ORDERS?
- Differential diagnosis (DDx)
- Physician orders
- Laboratory studies, imaging studies, procedures, medications
- Results & ED course: patient re-evaluations. Consults with specialists.
- Final Dx
- Disposition: discharge home, admit for further care, transfer to another facility
What is a differential dx?
Based on H&P, the physician generates a list of things that may be causing the patient’s subjective symptoms.
Then the doctor places orders to “rule out” each differential
What does the doctor determine the final diagnosis (Dx)?
By using medical decision making (MDM), the physician reviews specific results that can rule out differential diagnoses (DDx) to reach the final diagnosis (Dx)
What is the general documentation template?
SUBJECTIVE COMPLAINTS:
- HPI: history of present illness
- ROS: review of systems
- Past history: PMHx, PSHx, FHx, SHx
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION:
- PE: physical examination
- ED course: objective results (labs, imaging, re-evals, consults, procedures)
- Disposition: discharge, admit, transfer
What is HPI?
history of present illness; the story and context of the patient’s chief complaint
What is ROS?
review of systems; a head-to-toe list of positives and negatives
What comprises of the past history?
PMHx, PSHx, FHx, SHx
What is PE?
physical examination; the physician’s objective findings
What are the possible disposition options?
discharge, admit, transfer
Where to document patient complaint
HPI or ROS
Where to document past diagnosis or surgery
past history
Where to document physician’s observation
physical exam
Where to document objective study
results/ED course
Where to document re-evaluation
ED course
Where to document where they will go
diagnosis & disposition
The patient has a history of high cholesterol. Where would this item belong in the chart?
past history
The patient was given an antiemetic in the ED. Where would this item belong in the chart?
ED course
The EKG shows normal sinus rhythm. Where would this item belong in the chart?
Objective study = ED course
The patient came to the ED for chest pain. Where would this item belong in the chart?
chief complaint = HPI or ROS
The patient also stubbed their toe last week. Where would this item belong in the chart?
past history
The complete blood count (CBC) shows anemia. Where would this item belong in the chart?
objective study = ED course
The patient is in no acute distress. Where would this item belong in the chart?
physician’s observations = physical exam
There is tenderness of the RUQ. Where would this item belong in the chart?
physician’s observations = physical exam
The patient’s mother has heart disease. Where would this item belong in the chart?
past history
Patient says: high blood pressure (general past medical history)
Scribe writes: hypertension (HTN)
Patient says: high cholesterol (general past medical history)
Scribe writes: hyperlipidemia (HLD)
Patient says; thyroid problem (general past medical history)
Scribe writes: usually hypothyroidism, sometimes hyperthyroidism
Patient says: diabetes (general past medical history)
Scribe writes: diabetes mellitus (DM)
Patient says: I only take pills for my diabetes (general past medical history)
Scribe writes: non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Patient says: I take shots (insulin) for my diabetes (general past medical history)
Scribe writes: insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Patient says: heart disease (cardiovascular PMHx)
Scribe writes: usually coronary artery disease (CAD)
Patient says: heart attack (cardiovascular PMHx)
Scribe writes: myocardial infarction (MI) or CAD
Patient says: heart failure (cardiovascular PMHx)
Scribe writes: congestive heart failure (CHF)
Patient says: irregular heartbeat (cardiovascular PMHx)
Scribe writes: atrial fibrillation (A-Fib)
Patient says: murmur (cardiovascular PMHx)
Scribe writes: heart murmur
Patient says: episodes of abnormally fast/racing heartbeat (cardiovascular PMHx)
Scribe writes: supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
Patient says: asthma (pulmonary PMHx)
Scribe writes: asthma
Patient says: emphysema/chronic bronchitis (pulmonary PMHx)
Scribe writes: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Patient says: blood clot in lung (pulmonary PMHx)
Scribe writes: pulmonary embolism (PE)
Patient says: pneumonia (pulmonary PMHx)
Scribe writes: pneumonia (PNA)
Patient says: reflux (gastrointestinal PMHx)
Scribe writes: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Patient says: ulcer (gastrointestinal PMHx)
Scribe writes: gastric ulcer or peptic ulcer disease