Cours 1-3 Flashcards
Gross margin =
Sales price – Cost of goods sold
Contribution margin =
Sales price - all variable expenses
BEP (qty) =
Fixed cost/(Sales revenue per unit – Variable costs per unit)=Fixed Cost/Unit Contribution Margin
BEP (monetary) =
Fixed cost/Contribution margin % where CM%=[(selling price-unit variable cost)/(selling price)]*100
% margin of safety =
(expected sales - break even sales)/expected sales
t(volume)=
(Fixed cost + target profit)/Unit contribution margin
t(sales €)=
(Fixed cost + target profit)/Contribution margin %
CM ratio=
Cm per unit/sales price per unit
portion of every sales € that contributes to covering fixed costs
Use of the CM ratio is necessary
when a firm produces more than one product.
A cost is
a resource that is sacrificed to achieve a particular objective
To be relevant to a particular decision, a cost must : _______________and _______________
- relate to the objective
- differ from one possible decision outcome to the next
A cost can be traced according to two major patterns: _____________and _______________
- cost behaviour
- cost assignment
A unit fixed cost is
variable
A unit variable cost is
fixed
The limits of cost-driver activity within which a specific relationship between cost and the cost driver is
valid is called:
A. relevant range B. variable range
C. total range D. valid range
Relevant range
- Which of the following is not an assumption of cost-volume-profit analysis?
a. The behavior of revenues and expenses is accurately portrayed and is linear over the relevant range.
b. Efficiency and productivity will both increase.
c. Sales mix will be constant.
d. Expenses can be classified into variable and fixed categories. The inventory level at the end of the period will be insignificantly different from that at the beginning.
B
Operating gearing =
the extent to which the total cost of some activity is fixed rather than variable
contribution margin (traduction)
marge sous couts variables
- To be relevant to a particular decision, a cost must satisfy the following criteria:
- It must relate to the objectives of the business
- It must involve an outlay of cash
- It must differ between possible courses of action
- It must be based on objective, verifiable evidence
1&3
two general types of cost system :
- traditional costing system and,
- activity-based cost accounting (ABC) systems.
Which one of the following is not one of the 4 areas of decision making where management accounting information is required?
A. Developing objectives and plans B. Evaluating share price performance
C. Allocating resources D. Determining costs and benefits
B
12.Which one of the following can be inventory costs?
A. raw materials B. Indirect labor C. Direct Labor D. Factory overhead
E. A,B,C and D F. only A,B, and C
E
- The objective of Activity Based Costing (ABC) is to derive the _________ cost of production.
A. Relevant B. Strategic C. Marginal D. Full
Full
- The difference between total sales in dollars and total variable expenses is called:
A. net operating income. B. net profit. C. gross margin. D. contribution
D
The Hogs Head Inn pays off a long-term debt in full. Which of the following statements describes the effect of the sale on The Hogs Head Inn?
A. current ratio increases; total debt to equity ratio decreases
B. current ratio decreases; total debt to equity ratio increases
C. current ratio decreases; total debt to equity ratio decreases
D. current ratio increases; total debt to equity ratio increases
C
iNDIRECT COSTS Cannot be directly linked to individual cost
A centres B drivers C objects D. pools
Objects=units
? costing is used to describe the way in which we identify the full cost per unit of output where the
units of output differ (2 marks)
A Batch B Full C Job D Process
Job
- Consider the following two statements concerning cost-volume-profit analysis:
The contribution per unit is the difference between the sales price per unit and the fixed cost per unit
The marginal cost per unit will usually equal the variable cost per unit..
False/True
- When businesses are divided into departments for costing purposes, the ones where the products have
work performed on them are known as which of the following? (1 mark)
A Service Cost centers C Product Cost Centers
B Performance Cost Centers D Overhead Cost Centers
Product
- Management accounting information can only be considered useful if it is capable of affecting people’s
(1 mark)
A opinions B attitudes C understanding D behaviour
Behaviour
2. The “ability of accounting information to influence decisions” is a description of a qualitative characteristic or attribute concerning the usefulness of accounting information to decision makers. Match the quality shown hereafter that best corresponds to that description. (1 mark) • A. Relevance • B. Reliability • C. Comparability • D. Understandability • E. Materiality
A Relevance
- Which of the following is a sign that an ABC system may be useful? (1 mark)
• A. Indirect costs are a relatively small proportion of total product costs
• B. Products are heterogeneous in nature and create differential demand on resources because of variations in volume, processing requirements, batch size or complexity
• C. Products that a company is less suited to sell or produce show relatively higher profitability
• D. Operations staff and accountants do not agree about what the costs of manufacturing and marketing of products should be
B
- A well-designed, activity-based cost system helps managers make better decisions because information derived from an ABC analysis: (1 mark)
A. can be used to eliminate nonvalue-added activities
B. is easy to analyze and interpret
C. takes the choices and judgment challenges away from the managers
D. emphasizes how managers can achieve higher sales
A
- Most international accounting standard concerning ____________________ ensures that most large businesses implement a full cost approach to income measurement.
• expenses (1 mark)
• retained earnings
• inventories
• depreciation
inventories
17. What is the minimum cost below which a company would be unwilling to price a one-off special contract? (1 mark) • A. full cost • B. variable cost • C. fixed cost • D. between variable cost and full cost
B
- Marginal cost pricing requires: (1 mark)
• A. setting prices at a level low enough to encourage wide market acceptance of a product or service
• B. setting high prices to make maximum profit before the price is lowered to attract the next target market
• C. pricing output on the basis of its variable cost, normally with a profit loading
• D. pricing output irrespectively of its cost.
C
- Which of the following are considered to be product costs under absorption costing?
I. Variable manufacturing overhead. (1 mark)
II. Fixed manufacturing overhead.
III. Selling and administrative expenses.
- A. I, II, and III.
- B. I and II.
- C. I and III.
- D. I.
B
