couples- division of labour

Question 1

Parsons

Answer 1

Instrumental role- the man goes out to work to provide for the family

Expressive role- the woman stays at home to do the housework and childcare
(he says this is biological)

Question 2

Bott

Answer 2

Segregated role- Parson’s idea where there are split roles in the family e.g. men goes to work while women stay at home (leisure activities are also seperate)

Conjugated role- jobs are split equally between partners e.g. both help with housework and both go to work

Question 3

Young and Willmott

Answer 3

Structured interviews

Found that most husbands ‘helped at least once a week’

Think the family is becoming more symmetrical (men help with housework, women go to work more)

Take the ‘march of progress view’- family is gradually improving for everyone

Question 4

Ann Oakley

Answer 4

Criticised Young and Willmott

Used unstructured interviews and built a rapport

Found that with husbands:
15% helped with housework
25% helped with childcare

Question 5

Boulton

Answer 5

Supports Ann Oakley

Fewer than 20% of husbands help with childcare

Said Y and W exaggerate men’s contribution and that women have more responsibility with the child’s security/health

Question 6

Warde and Hetherington

Answer 6

Sex-typing domestic tasks stayed strong e.g washing the car being a ‘masculine’ task whereas doing the dishes is a ‘feminine’ one

Men only carried out routine ‘feminine’ tasks when their partners weren’t around

Slight change in attitude with younger men

Question 7

Dex and Ward

Answer 7

Studied fathers with 3 year olds

78% played with their child

1% looked after their sick child with full responsibility

Question 8

Gershuny (march of progress)

Answer 8

More women working full time means a more equal division of labour

Question 9

Sullivan (march of progress)

Answer 9

Collected data in the 70s, 80s, and 90’s

Found that women were doing less domestic labour and men were doing more routine ‘feminine’ tasks

Question 10

British Social Attitudes Survey (feminist view)

Answer 10

Men, on average, did 8 hours a week of housework

Women did 13 hours a week

(on average women did twice as much as men)

Question 11

Allan (feminist view)

Answer 11

‘Women’s’ tasks are less intrinsically satisfying than mens

Question 12

Hochschild

Answer 12

In addition to housework, women have to do ‘emotion work’ - responsible for managing the emotions of family members

Question 13

Duncombe and Marsden

Answer 13

The ‘triple shift’- paid work, housework, and emotion work