Counseling Theories Flashcards
Gestalt Therapy Founders
Erving and Mariam Polster
Existential definition
Affirming or implying the existence of a thing. Grounded in the notion that people are always in the process of becoming, remaking, and rediscovering themselves.
Phenomenological
Relating to a persons direct experience or their reality
Who was the main originator and developer of Gestalt Therapy?
Fritz Perl’s
Gestalt focuses on…
The here and now, the what and how of experiencing, the authenticity of the therapist, active dialogic inquiry and exploration, and the I/Thou of relating.
Field
A dynamic system of interrelationships
Contextual factors
The relationship, the personal/interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extra-therapeutic factors ARE THE PRIMARY DETERMINANT OF THR THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME
Value imposition
Refers to counselors directly attempting to define a clients values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. It’s unethical
Countertransference
Any of our own (the professional) projections that influence the way we perceive or react to a client. Occurs when the professional is triggered into emotional reactivity and they respond defensively or when they lose their ability to be present in the session.
Mandatory ethics.
A level of ethical functioning at the minimum level of professional practice.
Aspirational ethics
Focus is on what is the best interest of the client. The ethics relating to conducting yourself at the highest standards of thinking and conduct. Entails spirit of the code and the principals on which the code is based.
Fear-based ethics
Unethical practices
Concern-based ethics
A personal ethics code dictating you being the best professional you can be.
Positive ethics.
An approach taken by practitioners who want to do their best for clients rather than simply staying out of trouble.
Informed consent.
Mandatory involvement of clients in their own care creating an ability to make autonomous decisions regarding their care. Including clients promotes participation.
Confidentiality
An ethical concept and in most states a legal duty of therapists not to disclose information about a client.
Privileged communication
The legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court without their permission. Does not apply to conversations where more than 2 people are in the room.
Assessment
Consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a clients life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.
Diagnosis
Consists of identifying a specific mental disorder based a pattern of symptoms. Sometimes part of the assessment process.
May include an explanation of the causes of the clients difficulties, an account of how these problems developed over time, a classification of any disorders a specification of preferred treatment procedure, and an estimated of the chances for a successful resolution.
Evidence based practice {EBP}
The integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. Empirically supported treatment
Empirically based
Researched based answers and evidence to support the claim.
Dual relationships
When a counselor has a professional and non-professional relationship. Usually unethical
Boundary crossing
A departure from a commonly accepted practice that could potentially benefit a client. Ex, attending a wedding or graduation could be beneficial for the client.
Boundary violation
A serious breach that harms the clue that and is therefore unethical. It’s a boundary crossing that takes the practitioner out of the professional and into an exploitative and harmful role.