Counseling Process & Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of change and how do they affect the counseling process?

A

Precontemplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maintenance

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2
Q

What is empathy?

A

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another

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3
Q

What does it mean to be theoretically eclectic?

A

bits and pieces from different theoretical systems can be integrated within one counseling session with a client, to provide a stronger therapeutic treatment

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4
Q

What is the importance of nonverbals in counseling?

A

60-65% of communication is nonverbal

Emotions and attitudes are primarily conveyed nonverbally

Provides a deeper level of communication

Builds a bond (working alliance)

Conveys empathic & attentiveness

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5
Q

What constitutes good counselor posture?

S O L E R

A

Sit squarely

Open posture

Lean towards the client

Eye contact

Relax

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6
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Session 1

Must be discussed

Outlines

  • Limitations
  • Procedures
  • Risks and benefits
  • Confidentiality
  • Boundaries of Competence
  • Goals
  • Fees & Billing
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7
Q

What’s the difference between counseling and psychotherapy?

A

Counseling vs Psychotherapy

  • preventative
  • empowers client not to need therapy (developmental framework)
  • shorter in length
  • requires less education
  • focuses generally on the here and now
  • often specialized
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8
Q

What are the counselor core conditions?
3 - Carl Rogers

Why are they important?

A

Displays acceptance of the client, valuing them as a human being of worth

  1. Empathy
    - walking in their shoes (not sympathy)
  2. Congruence
    - be genuine and real
  3. Unconditional positive regard
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9
Q

CACREP Core Standards - 8

A
1 - Human growth and development
2 - Social and cultural foundations
3 - The helping relationship 
4 - Group work
5 - Career in lifestyle development
6 - Appraisal
7 - Research and program evaluation
8 - Professional orientation
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10
Q

6 Fundamental values of the ethical code

A
Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Veracity - truth
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11
Q

Two types of ethics

A
  1. Mandatory

2. Aspirational

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12
Q

Define Active Listening

A

Listener fully concentrates, understands, responds and then remembers what is being said

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13
Q

Define Reflection of Feelings and Content

A

Responding to clarify that you have understood the speaker (clt).

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14
Q

What is a Open-ended question (words used)

A

Typically use words such as why and how

Doesn’t seek yes or no answers…

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15
Q

Confrontation is Challenging - Define

A

An attempt by the counsellor to gently bring about awareness in the client of something that may they may have overlooked or avoided

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16
Q

What are the roles and responsibilities of counselors?

A
  • Guidance (not advise)
  • Use scientific or empirical techniques OR label other wise
  • Accurate advertising (credentials)
  • Practice within Competence (or refer)
  • Confidentiality
  • Positive regard
  • Do no harm
  • Assessment
  • Define goals
  • Explain limitations & Set boundaries
17
Q

Define privilege

A

Privacy of counselor and client medications

  • Belongs the client
  • Varies by state
18
Q

What is the difference between theory and technique?

A

Theory - framework or lenses used to describe/understand people’s thoughts, emotions and behaviors

Techniques - are proven or experimental strategies based in theory

19
Q

When do you break confidentiality?

A
  1. Client consent or request

2. Court order & Subpoena are received

20
Q

Describe Psychodynamic theory

A

Freud
- focus on conscious and unconscious thought influence peoples personalities stemming from their past.

Adler
- Birth order and early recollections

Jung
- Ego/self-therapy

The conflict between drives (id ego super-ego) causes stress.

21
Q

Described Humanistic theory

A

Rogers
- Person centered (nonjudgmental)

Frankel
- Existential (meaning of life)

Fitz Perals
- Gestalt (a person is both the sum of parts and much more than the parts: “ie. stew is better then its ingredients)

22
Q

Describe Cognitive theory

A
Piaget
- 4 stages
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operations

Beck
Thoughts -> Affect -> Behavior (CBT)

Schemas

Focuses the present & changing cognitive distortions

23
Q

Describe Behavioral theory

A

Albert Ellis

  • REBT (father of CBT)
  • reframe irrational beliefs
  • musterbation

Positive or negative rewards influence behaviors

24
Q

Describe Systems theory

A

Views an individual or group as its own ecosystem with many moving parts that affect each other

25
List postmodern theories
Focuses on deconstructing common beliefs and examining their value in an individual’s life ``` Narrative Family Systems (ie genogram) Solution Focused Reality Feminist - equality Constructivist - meaning through personal experience ```