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EDC 503 > Counseling Process & Theories > Flashcards

Counseling Process & Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of change and how do they affect the counseling process?

A

Precontemplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maintenance

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2
Q

What is empathy?

A

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another

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3
Q

What does it mean to be theoretically eclectic?

A

bits and pieces from different theoretical systems can be integrated within one counseling session with a client, to provide a stronger therapeutic treatment

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4
Q

What is the importance of nonverbals in counseling?

A

60-65% of communication is nonverbal

Emotions and attitudes are primarily conveyed nonverbally

Provides a deeper level of communication

Builds a bond (working alliance)

Conveys empathic & attentiveness

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5
Q

What constitutes good counselor posture?

S O L E R

A

Sit squarely

Open posture

Lean towards the client

Eye contact

Relax

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6
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Session 1

Must be discussed

Outlines

  • Limitations
  • Procedures
  • Risks and benefits
  • Confidentiality
  • Boundaries of Competence
  • Goals
  • Fees & Billing
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7
Q

What’s the difference between counseling and psychotherapy?

A

Counseling vs Psychotherapy

  • preventative
  • empowers client not to need therapy (developmental framework)
  • shorter in length
  • requires less education
  • focuses generally on the here and now
  • often specialized
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8
Q

What are the counselor core conditions?
3 - Carl Rogers

Why are they important?

A

Displays acceptance of the client, valuing them as a human being of worth

  1. Empathy
    - walking in their shoes (not sympathy)
  2. Congruence
    - be genuine and real
  3. Unconditional positive regard
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9
Q

CACREP Core Standards - 8

A 
1 - Human growth and development
2 - Social and cultural foundations
3 - The helping relationship 
4 - Group work
5 - Career in lifestyle development
6 - Appraisal
7 - Research and program evaluation
8 - Professional orientation
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10
Q

6 Fundamental values of the ethical code

A 
Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Veracity - truth
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11
Q

Two types of ethics

A
  1. Mandatory

2. Aspirational

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12
Q

Define Active Listening

A

Listener fully concentrates, understands, responds and then remembers what is being said

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13
Q

Define Reflection of Feelings and Content

A

Responding to clarify that you have understood the speaker (clt).

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14
Q

What is a Open-ended question (words used)

A

Typically use words such as why and how

Doesn’t seek yes or no answers…

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15
Q

Confrontation is Challenging - Define

A

An attempt by the counsellor to gently bring about awareness in the client of something that may they may have overlooked or avoided

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16
Q

What are the roles and responsibilities of counselors?

A
  • Guidance (not advise)
  • Use scientific or empirical techniques OR label other wise
  • Accurate advertising (credentials)
  • Practice within Competence (or refer)
  • Confidentiality
  • Positive regard
  • Do no harm
  • Assessment
  • Define goals
  • Explain limitations & Set boundaries
17
Q

Define privilege

A

Privacy of counselor and client medications

  • Belongs the client
  • Varies by state
18
Q

What is the difference between theory and technique?

A

Theory - framework or lenses used to describe/understand people’s thoughts, emotions and behaviors

Techniques - are proven or experimental strategies based in theory

19
Q

When do you break confidentiality?

A
  1. Client consent or request

2. Court order & Subpoena are received

20
Q

Describe Psychodynamic theory

A

Freud
- focus on conscious and unconscious thought influence peoples personalities stemming from their past.

Adler
- Birth order and early recollections

Jung
- Ego/self-therapy

The conflict between drives (id ego super-ego) causes stress.

21
Q

Described Humanistic theory

A

Rogers
- Person centered (nonjudgmental)

Frankel
- Existential (meaning of life)

Fitz Perals
- Gestalt (a person is both the sum of parts and much more than the parts: “ie. stew is better then its ingredients)

22
Q

Describe Cognitive theory

A 
Piaget
- 4 stages
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operations

Beck
Thoughts -> Affect -> Behavior (CBT)

Schemas

Focuses the present & changing cognitive distortions

23
Q

Describe Behavioral theory

A

Albert Ellis

  • REBT (father of CBT)
  • reframe irrational beliefs
  • musterbation

Positive or negative rewards influence behaviors

24
Q

Describe Systems theory

A

Views an individual or group as its own ecosystem with many moving parts that affect each other

25
Q

List postmodern theories

A

Focuses on deconstructing common beliefs and examining their value in an individual’s life

Narrative 
Family Systems (ie genogram) 
Solution Focused
Reality
Feminist - equality 
Constructivist - meaning through personal experience

EDC 503 (3 decks)

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