Counseling Process & Theories Flashcards
What are the stages of change and how do they affect the counseling process?
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
What is empathy?
the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
What does it mean to be theoretically eclectic?
bits and pieces from different theoretical systems can be integrated within one counseling session with a client, to provide a stronger therapeutic treatment
What is the importance of nonverbals in counseling?
60-65% of communication is nonverbal
Emotions and attitudes are primarily conveyed nonverbally
Provides a deeper level of communication
Builds a bond (working alliance)
Conveys empathic & attentiveness
What constitutes good counselor posture?
S O L E R
Sit squarely
Open posture
Lean towards the client
Eye contact
Relax
What is informed consent?
Session 1
Must be discussed
Outlines
- Limitations
- Procedures
- Risks and benefits
- Confidentiality
- Boundaries of Competence
- Goals
- Fees & Billing
What’s the difference between counseling and psychotherapy?
Counseling vs Psychotherapy
- preventative
- empowers client not to need therapy (developmental framework)
- shorter in length
- requires less education
- focuses generally on the here and now
- often specialized
What are the counselor core conditions?
3 - Carl Rogers
Why are they important?
Displays acceptance of the client, valuing them as a human being of worth
- Empathy
- walking in their shoes (not sympathy) - Congruence
- be genuine and real - Unconditional positive regard
CACREP Core Standards - 8
1 - Human growth and development 2 - Social and cultural foundations 3 - The helping relationship 4 - Group work 5 - Career in lifestyle development 6 - Appraisal 7 - Research and program evaluation 8 - Professional orientation
6 Fundamental values of the ethical code
Autonomy Nonmaleficence Beneficence Justice Fidelity Veracity - truth
Two types of ethics
- Mandatory
2. Aspirational
Define Active Listening
Listener fully concentrates, understands, responds and then remembers what is being said
Define Reflection of Feelings and Content
Responding to clarify that you have understood the speaker (clt).
What is a Open-ended question (words used)
Typically use words such as why and how
Doesn’t seek yes or no answers…
Confrontation is Challenging - Define
An attempt by the counsellor to gently bring about awareness in the client of something that may they may have overlooked or avoided
What are the roles and responsibilities of counselors?
- Guidance (not advise)
- Use scientific or empirical techniques OR label other wise
- Accurate advertising (credentials)
- Practice within Competence (or refer)
- Confidentiality
- Positive regard
- Do no harm
- Assessment
- Define goals
- Explain limitations & Set boundaries
Define privilege
Privacy of counselor and client medications
- Belongs the client
- Varies by state
What is the difference between theory and technique?
Theory - framework or lenses used to describe/understand people’s thoughts, emotions and behaviors
Techniques - are proven or experimental strategies based in theory
When do you break confidentiality?
- Client consent or request
2. Court order & Subpoena are received
Describe Psychodynamic theory
Freud
- focus on conscious and unconscious thought influence peoples personalities stemming from their past.
Adler
- Birth order and early recollections
Jung
- Ego/self-therapy
The conflict between drives (id ego super-ego) causes stress.
Described Humanistic theory
Rogers
- Person centered (nonjudgmental)
Frankel
- Existential (meaning of life)
Fitz Perals
- Gestalt (a person is both the sum of parts and much more than the parts: “ie. stew is better then its ingredients)
Describe Cognitive theory
Piaget - 4 stages Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operations
Beck
Thoughts -> Affect -> Behavior (CBT)
Schemas
Focuses the present & changing cognitive distortions
Describe Behavioral theory
Albert Ellis
- REBT (father of CBT)
- reframe irrational beliefs
- musterbation
Positive or negative rewards influence behaviors
Describe Systems theory
Views an individual or group as its own ecosystem with many moving parts that affect each other
List postmodern theories
Focuses on deconstructing common beliefs and examining their value in an individual’s life
Narrative Family Systems (ie genogram) Solution Focused Reality Feminist - equality Constructivist - meaning through personal experience
