counseling children and adolescents

Question 1

what time period is considered early childhood?

Answer 1

birth to 6y

Question 2

what is middle childhood?

Answer 2

6-10y

Question 3

when is adolescence?

Answer 3

10-18y

Question 4

what is going on with physical development in childhood? adolesence?

Answer 4

childhood: refining gross motor skills, muscles grow stronger, gain more control of their bodies
adolescence: puberty, development of secondary sex characteristics, rate of development can affect self perception

Question 5

what is characteristic of childhood cognitive function?

Answer 5

Preoperational thinking -> use concrete information rather than logical thinking

Animism: giving animals human characteristics

Artificalism -> people cause natural phenomena (i am responsible for my sibling’s cancer)

Operational thinking (by age 8y) -> ability to think about the future, hypothesize about events, and determine inconsistencies

**logical thinking is forming but abstract thought is immature

Question 6

what is characteristic of adolescence cognitive function?

Answer 6

Look like adults but still often look older than cognitive years, shift from concrete thinking to formal operational thinking

Begin to mature cognitive around 11y and achieve operational thinking 15-20y

Time warp (inability to connect behavior and actions)
Refrain from assuming level of cognitive fxn based on age

**consider assent and consent

Question 7

what is characteristic of childhood self-esteem?

Answer 7

egocentric, high self esteem and overestimation of abilities, concept of worth arises around age 8y

Question 8

what is characteristic of adolescence self-esteem?

Answer 8

development of self at peak, search for autonomy and independence, separation/individualization from parents/authority figures, imaginary audience, heightened vulnerability, development of identities

Question 9

what is characteristic of childhood social development ?

Answer 9

play for sharing and interacting, friendship (best friend is expected)

Question 10

what is characteristic of adolescence social development ?

Answer 10

peer (main source of support),
extremely sensitive to the criticism of peers, more selective,
dating,
most problems come form conflicted relationships

Question 11

what is characteristic of adolescence emotional development ?

Answer 11

potentially volatile and changing rapidly,

highly dependent on outside forces,

feelings masked with anger,

negative emotions of anxiety/shame/depression decrease, tend to control emotions better, less defensive when questioned about feelings

Question 12

what is characteristic of childhood emotional development ?

Answer 12

more limited in emotional vocabulary (express emotions behaviorally), learn more complex emotions