Counrrries Vary In Their Ability To Manage Earthquakes Flashcards
What is the main challenge in mitigating the effects of tectonic hazards?
It is not possible to mitigate the amount of energy released by any tectonic hazard.
What was the ambitious plan in the 1960s regarding earthquake fault systems?
To lubricate earthquake fault systems to increase sliding but reduce sticking.
What has changed in the perception of our ability to control natural hazards?
Optimism about techno-fix solutions has evaporated due to catastrophic events.
What significant events contributed to a more realistic view of controlling natural hazards?
- Loss of two Space Shuttles
- Chernobyl nuclear accident
- Fukushima nuclear accident
- Deepwater Horizon incident
Since when has the Haitian population been preoccupied with earthquake risks?
Since 2010.
What are the significant obstacles in building systems to mitigate tectonic hazards in Haiti?
Obstacles include poverty, lack of monitoring systems, and insufficient resources.
What was lacking in Haiti prior to the 2010 earthquake?
There was no monitoring system for earthquakes.
What has been established in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake?
A total of 15 seismic stations are now operating in Haiti.
What issue exists with Haiti’s earthquake monitoring facilities?
The facilities are not earthquake resistant and lack sufficient staffing.
What type of maps has been developed after the earthquake in Haiti?
Hazard maps showing areas at risk, especially those with softer sediments liable to liquefaction.
What is a major issue regarding earthquake preparedness in Haiti?
There is no national disaster risk management plan.
What is missing in the education system for children in Haiti regarding earthquakes?
There is no ‘Japanese’ style education program teaching what to do during an earthquake.
What is the primary problem with building design in Haiti?
The inability of the state to enforce earthquake-resistant building design.
What has been the historical focus of hazards in Haiti before the 2010 earthquake?
Hurricanes.
Why is concrete used in construction in Haiti?
It offers the best protection from high winds.
What is the status of government-approved building codes in Haiti?
There is no government approved building code.
How many presidents and prime ministers has Haiti had since 2010?
Four presidents and seven prime ministers.
What is the annual budget of the Bureau of Mines and Energy in Haiti?
Just a small amount, though the exact figure is not provided.
What is the main challenge in mitigating the effects of tectonic hazards?
It is not possible to mitigate the amount of energy released by any tectonic hazard.
What was the ambitious plan in the 1960s regarding earthquake fault systems?
To lubricate earthquake fault systems to increase sliding but reduce sticking.
What has changed in the perception of our ability to control natural hazards?
Optimism about techno-fix solutions has evaporated due to catastrophic events.
What significant events contributed to a more realistic view of controlling natural hazards?
- Loss of two Space Shuttles
- Chernobyl nuclear accident
- Fukushima nuclear accident
- Deepwater Horizon incident
Since when has the Haitian population been preoccupied with earthquake risks?
Since 2010.
What are the significant obstacles in building systems to mitigate tectonic hazards in Haiti?
Obstacles include poverty, lack of monitoring systems, and insufficient resources.
What was lacking in Haiti prior to the 2010 earthquake?
There was no monitoring system for earthquakes.
What has been established in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake?
A total of 15 seismic stations are now operating in Haiti.
What issue exists with Haiti’s earthquake monitoring facilities?
The facilities are not earthquake resistant and lack sufficient staffing.
What type of maps has been developed after the earthquake in Haiti?
Hazard maps showing areas at risk, especially those with softer sediments liable to liquefaction.
What is a major issue regarding earthquake preparedness in Haiti?
There is no national disaster risk management plan.
What is missing in the education system for children in Haiti regarding earthquakes?
There is no ‘Japanese’ style education program teaching what to do during an earthquake.
What is the primary problem with building design in Haiti?
The inability of the state to enforce earthquake-resistant building design.
What has been the historical focus of hazards in Haiti before the 2010 earthquake?
Hurricanes.
Why is concrete used in construction in Haiti?
It offers the best protection from high winds.
What is the status of government-approved building codes in Haiti?
There is no government approved building code.
How many presidents and prime ministers has Haiti had since 2010?
Four presidents and seven prime ministers.
What is the annual budget of the Bureau of Mines and Energy in Haiti?
Just a small amount, though the exact figure is not provided.
What has been the role of NGOs in Haiti since 2010?
Critical but controversial due to lack of progress in development indicators.
How much was pledged by donors at the International Donors Conference for Haiti’s recovery?
Over US$5.3 billion.
What was created to facilitate the recovery efforts in Haiti after the earthquake?
Interim Haitian Reconstruction Commission (IHRC), also known as the Clinton Commission.
What percentage of US households donated to Haitian charities after the earthquake?
45 percent.
What percentage of donor funds for emergency assistance was offered to the Haitian government?
Just 1 percent.
What percentage of international aid did Haiti’s home-grown NGOs receive?
0.4 percent.
How much money did the American Red Cross raise for Haiti?
US$486,000,000.
How many new houses did the American Red Cross build by June 2015?
6.
How many houses did USAID plan to build after the earthquake?
15,000.
What was the original estimated cost for the 15,000 houses planned by USAID?
US$59 million.
How many houses did USAID actually build?
900.
How far from Port-au-Prince was the original housing construction site planned?
8 miles.
How far from Port-au-Prince were 750 of the 900 houses actually built?
130 miles.
What was the projected average cost of the new houses?
US$8000.
What was the final average cost of the 750 houses built in Northern Haiti?
US$77,125.
How many of the 750 houses were originally built to earthquake standards?
0.
How much was spent by US taxpayers to fix structural problems with the 750 houses?
US$21,237,888.
What has happened to almost two-thirds of the money raised for charitable NGOs?
Remains in bank accounts of aid money managers.
What organizations have been involved in the management of aid money in Haiti?
- International NGOs
- World Bank
- UN
- Inter-American Development Bank
- Western building and consultancy firms.
What is a significant conclusion about the state of Haiti ten years after the earthquake?
Haiti remains one of the poorest countries in the world.
True or False: The history of Haiti suggests that NGOs have always been effective in addressing systemic issues.
False.
