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Symptoms of the Lung > Cough Cough > Flashcards

Cough Cough Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms for diffuse interstitial diseases?

A

dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis (later)

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2
Q

What reductions do you see in diffuse interstitial lung diseases?

A

diffusion capacity, volumes, and compliance (fibrotic)

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3
Q

X-ray for diffuse interstitial lung diseases?

A

diffuse infiltration by small nodules, irregular lines or shadows

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4
Q

In later stages of diffuse interstitial lung diseases what do you see?

A

pulmonary hypertension and right-sided CHF. Also advanced lesions–> end stage or honeycomb lung

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5
Q

IPF/UIP symptoms (EARLY)

A

40-70 year old with increasing dyspnea (getting worse) with a dry cough

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6
Q

IPF/UIP symptoms (LATE)

A

hypoxemia, cyanosis, clubbing

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7
Q

IPF treatment

A

Lung transplant or die within three years

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8
Q

NSIP

A

46-55 year old (younger than IPF) with a cough and dyspnea that has been going on for months

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9
Q

NSIP treatment

A

STEROIDS

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10
Q

COP symptoms

A

cough and dyspnea

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11
Q

COP X-ray

A

subpleural or peribronchial areas of consolidation

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12
Q

COP treatment

A

some recover spontaneously without treatment; MOST treated with steroid therapy for > 6 months

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13
Q

CWP: Anthracosis

A

asymptomatic

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14
Q

Simple CWP can cause what? and usually involves what?

A

Upper lobes and upper zones of lower lobes. Can cause Centrilobular emphysema

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15
Q

CWP course

A

usually benign…miler forms of complicated CWP exist without lung function abnormalities

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16
Q

Caplan syndrome

A

RA and pneumoconiosis. Rapid development of lung nodules. Occurs with CWP, asbestosis, and silicosis

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17
Q

Silicosis presentation

A

decades after exposure

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18
Q

silicosis is associated with

A

an increased susceptibility to TB

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19
Q

X-ray in silicosis

A

nodules in the upper lung zones

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20
Q

Clinical symptoms in silicosis

A

slow development of impaired pulmonary function; dyspnea occurs late in disease with massive fibrosis

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21
Q

Asbestos exposure linked to:

NOTE: LOWER LOBES–>middle and upper are involved later

A

fibrous pleural plaques, pleural effusions, interstitial fibrosis, bronchogenic carcinoma and mesotheliomas, laryngeal and extrapulmonary tumors

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22
Q

Clinical for asbestos-related disease (ARD)

A

dyspnea and PRODUCTIVE cough. Symptoms usually begin 20+ years after exposure

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23
Q

Asbestos X-Ray

A

irregular linear densities in LOWER lobes

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24
Q

bilateral hilar LAD or lung involvement (CXR)

A

sarcoidosis

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25
sarcoidosis lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone marrow
Lymph nodes: hilar and mediastinal enlarged and calcified Spleen: involved in 75% but only 20% enlarged Liver: granulomas in portal tracts BM: usually bones of hands and feet
26
Milkulicz syndome (sarcoidosis)
lacrimal gland involvement + bilateral parotid, submaxillary and sublingual glands
27
Clinical of sarcoidosis
insidious onset of dyspnea, cough, CHEST PAIN, and possible hemoptysis. Also constitutional symptoms (fever, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss and night sweats
28
insidious onset of dyspnea, cough, CHEST PAIN, and possible hemoptysis. Also constitutional symptoms (fever, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss and night sweats
Clinical of sarcoidosis
29
40-70 year old with increasing dyspnea (getting worse) with a dry cough
IPF/UIP (EARLY)
30
hypoxemia, cyanosis, clubbing
IPF/UIP (LATE)
31
46-55 year old (younger than IPF) with a cough and dyspnea that has been going on for months
NSIP
32
dyspnea and PRODUCTIVE cough. Symptoms usually begin 20+ years after exposure
Clinical for asbestos-related disease (ARD)
33
dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis (later)
What are the symptoms for diffuse interstitial diseases?
34
CXR of sarcoidosis
bilateral hilar LAD or lung involvement
35
Sarcoidosis course
UNPREDICTABLE - 2/3 recover with minimal or no residual manifestations - 20% with permanent loss of some lung function or visual impairment - 10-15% die of cardiac, lung or CNS disease (progressive pulmonary fibrosis and cor pulmonale)
36
Farmers lung (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
inhaled SPORES of thermophilic actinomycets
37
Pigeon breeder's lung (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
inhaled PROTEINS from feathers or excretions
38
Humidifier Lung (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
inhaled thermophilic bacteria from heated water reservoirs (hot tube even)
39
Clinical for acute form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- fever, dyspnea, cough and elevated WBC | - symptoms begin 4-6 hours after re-exposure
40
hypersensitivity pneumonitis X-ray
diffuse nodular infiltrate
41
- fever, dyspnea, cough and elevated WBC | - symptoms begin 4-6 hours after re-exposure
Clinical for hypersensitivity pneumonitis
42
Chronic form (untreated): clinical for hypersensitivity pneumonitis
PROGRESSIVE dyspnea and cyanosis (decreased lung capacity and compliance)
43
acute eosinophilic pneumonia is most likely a
hypersensitivity response to inhaled antigens (NOT NOT NOT food or drug)
44
acute eosinophilic pneumonia clinical
RAPID fever, dyspnea and hypoxemia--> respiratory failure | BAL shows > 25% eosinophils
45
acute eosinophilic pneumonia treatment
STEROIDS
46
RAPID fever, dyspnea and hypoxemia--> respiratory failure | BAL shows > 25% eosinophils
acute eosinophilic pneumonia clinical
47
Loeffler's Syndrome =
simple pulmonary eosinophilia
48
Loeffler's Syndrome or simple pulmonary eosinophilia is most likely...
a hypersensitivity rxn to food or drugs (sulfa drugs) | *check history
49
X-ray of Loeffler's Syndrome
prominent IRREGULAR lung densities (one side bigger than other)
50
Secondary pulmonary eosinophilia is seen in...
seen in parasitic, bacteria, and fungal infections
51
Secondary pulmonary eosinophilia is associated with
asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
52
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia may be associated with...
autoimmune shit...RA, polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, ulcerative colitis.
53
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia | Gross and histology
Gross: peripheral lung consolidations Histology: lymphocytic and eosinophilic aggregates in septal walls and alveoli
54
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia clinical
high fever, night sweats, and dyspnea (responds to steroids)
55
Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonitis (DIP) (less side or spectrum)
- smokers (men) - 4th or 5th decade symptoms begin (30-50) - onset of dyspnea and dry cough over weeks to months - EXCELLENT response to steroid therapy
56
Respirtary Bronchiolitis- Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (RB-ILD) * worse side of spectrum
- significant symptoms (dyspnea and dry cough) - men 4th to 5th decade - improves with cessation of smoking - more fibrosis of airways and a little more chronic inflammation with pigmented SMOKERS macrophages in RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES and alveoli
57
DIP vs RB-ILD
- DIP pigmented macs predominately in alveolar space - Steroid work excellent for DIP - RB-ILD macs in respiratory bronchioles AND alveoli space - RB-ILD = more fibrosis of airway and a little more chronic inflammation
58
AQUIRED PAP (pulmonary alveolar proteinosis)
- 90% of cases do to acquired - granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ANTIBODIES-->destruction of GM-CSF causes impaired surfactant clearance by alveolar macrophages
59
Congenital PAP
rare cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (caused by various mutations)
60
Secondary PAP etiologies (very uncommon)
- silicosis - immunodeficiency - malignancies
61
PAS- positive
PAP
62
minimal lung inflammation w/ consolidation of lung parenchyma. CONTAINS CHOLESTEROL CLEFTS
PAP
63
PAP (pulmonary alveolar proteinosis)
ADULTS with insidious onset of dyspnea and PRODUCTIVE cough with expectoration of GELATINOUS MATERIAL
64
PAP x-ray
scattered areas of consolidation
65
PAP course
some show resolution and others progress to respiratory failure
66
PAP treatment
- Bronchoalveolar lavage used for removing alveolar precipitate - GM-CSF therapy works in 50% of cases - CONGENITAL PAP is fatal in 3-6 months without lung transplant

Symptoms of the Lung (1 decks)

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