Cough and Cold Flashcards
Name 2 type of medications that are used for severe rhinorrhoea/nasal congestion/post-nasal drip?
Mucoregulators
Mast Cell Stabilisers
____ is used to control severe cold symptoms by decreasing mucus hypersecretion from goblet cells and submucosal glands
Ipratropium
Name a SAMA that is used for severe cold symptoms
Ipratropium
Route of administration of Ipratropium?
Intranasal
(MOA) Ipratropium ____ inflammation-induced ____ cholinergic receptor _____ which blocks the activation of ______. This leads to a ____ in stimulated mucus output and _____ volume.
Ipratropium blocks inflammation-induced parasympathetic cholinergic receptor M3 which blocks the activation of submucosal glands/ goblet cells. This leads to a decrease in stimulated mucus output and sputum volume.
Name 3 side effects of Ipratropium
Unpleasant taste
Dry Mouth
Urinary retention in elderly
Name a mast cell stabiliser
Cromoglicic acid
Name a medication for severe cold symptom that can be inhaled
Cromoglicic acid
(MOA) Cromoglicic acid controls _____ channels to inhibit cellular activation
____ mast cell degranulation induced by ____ mediated FC epsilon receptor crosslinking
Decrease secretion of inflammatory mediators from _____, neutrophils and _____
____ secretion of Annexin A1
Cromoglicic acid controls chloride channels to inhibit cellular activation
Decrease mast cell degranulation induced by IgE mediated FC epsilon receptor crosslinking
Decrease secretion of inflammatory mediators from eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages
Increase secretion of Annexin A1
What are 3 side effects of Cromoglicic acid
Dry mouth
Unpleasant taste
Throat and nasal irritation
Cough
What is the duration of action for 1st gen antihistamines?
4 to 6 hours
What is the duration of action for 2nd gen antihistamines?
12 to 24 hours
Name 3 antihistamines which are frequently used in oral cough and cold formulations
Chlorpheniramine
Triprolidine
Promethazine
What is one 2nd gen antihistamine that still has a little sedation effect?
Cetirizine
What are some examples of sympathomimetic decongestants
“PON PE”
P: Phenylephrine
O: Oxymetazoline
N: Naphazoline
P: Pseudoephedrine
E: Ephedrine
(MOA) Sympathomimetic decongestants are direct _____ adrenoceptor ____ thus having the effect of ____ of nasal blood vessels. It also reduces _____ and secretion of ____.
Sympathomimetic decongestants are direct alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, thus having the effect of vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels. It also reduces inflammation and secretion of mucus.
Route of administration of nasal glucocorticoid?
Intranasal
Name 2 sympathomimetic decongestant that can be taken orally
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine
(think of the Ps)
Fluticasone and mometasone are examples of nasal _____
Glucocorticoid