Costal KO

Question 1

Fetch

Answer 1

The length of water the wind blows over.

Question 2

Swash

Answer 2

The water that rushes up the sand.

Question 3

Backwash

Answer 3

The water rolling back into the sea.

Question 4

Tides

Answer 4

These are the rise and fall of the sea, controlled by the sun and moon.

Question 5

Erosion

Answer 5

Wearing away of the rocks and soil by rivers, waves the wind or glaciers.

Question 6

Hydraulic action

Answer 6

Sea water is forced into cracks and helps to break it up.

Question 7

Solution

Answer 7

Chemicals in the sea water dissolve soluble material from the rock.

Question 8

Abrasion

Answer 8

The sandpapering action of sand and pebbles in the water hitting the rock.

Question 9

Attrition

Answer 9

Rocks being banged against each other in the sea, wearing themselves down into smaller more rounded stones and pebbles.

Question 10

Transport

Answer 10

The carrying away of materials by rivers, waves the wind or glaciers.

Question 11

Deposit

Answer 11

To drop material; waves deposit sand and small stones in sheltered parts of the coast forming beaches.

Question 12

Headland

Answer 12

Area of softer more easily eroded very slowly and sticks out into the sea.

Question 13

Bay

Answer 13

Area of softer more easily eroded rock where the coastline curves inwards between two headlands.

Question 14

Longshore drift

Answer 14

How sand and other material is carried parallel to the shore, by the waves.

Question 15

Prevailing wind

Answer 15

The wind that blows most often; in the UK it is South West wind.

Question 16

Cave

Answer 16

A large hole in the side of a cliff caused by the sea eroding a crack.

Question 17

Arch

Answer 17

The curved outline left when the sea erodes the inside of a cave away.

Question 18

Stack

Answer 18

A pillar of rock left standing in the sea when the top of the arch collapses.

Question 19

Stump

Answer 19

The remains of a stack which the sea has eroded away.

Question 20

Wave-cut platform

Answer 20

The flat rocky area left behind when waves erode a cliff away.

Question 21

Beach

Answer 21

A deposit of land, shingle or pebbles in a sheltered area.

Question 22

Spit

Answer 22

A deposit of beach material that extends out to the sea and is joined to the mainland at one end.

Question 23

Salt marsh

Answer 23

A low-lying marshy area by the sea, with salty water from the tides.

Question 24

River estuary

Answer 24

Where a river meets the sea.

Question 25

Hard engineering

Answer 25

The use of concrete and large artificial structures by civil engineers to defend land against natural erosion processes.

Question 26

Soft engineering

Answer 26

Managing erosion by working with natural processes to help restore beaches and costal ecosystems.

Question 27

Groyne

Answer 27

A wooden barrier built out into the sea to stop the longshore drift of sand and shingle, and can cause the beach to grow.

Question 28

Sea wall

Answer 28

A concrete wall which aims to prevent erosion of the coast by providing a barrier which reflects wave energy.

Question 29

Gabion

Answer 29

Steel wire mesh filled with boulders in coast defence.